cardiac meds tut

Question 1

pathophysiology of dilated cardiopathy?

(6 marks)

Answer 1

• heart enlarged and weak = cannot pump properly
• ineffective forward pumping of blood
• decreased systemic bp
• increased venous pressure
• fluid accumulation in lungs
• stretched muscle prone to arrythmias

Question 2

drugs to treat dilated cardiopathy?

(3 marks)

Answer 2

positive isotrope (e.g. calium sensitiser) to improve contractibility and systemic bp / venous pressure.
dieuretic to relieve fluid accumulation

Question 3

pathophysiology of mitral valve endocardiosis?

(6 marks)

Answer 3

• mitral valve thickened and dysfunctional
• during ventricular contraction blood flows back to atria / venous circulation
• fluid on lungs and abdomen
• HR increased to compensate for reduced stroke volume
• peripheral vasoconstriction occurs to support systemic bp
• thic can increase backflow of blood

Question 4

drugs to treat mitral valve endocardiosis?

(3 marks)

Answer 4

peripheral circulation - ACE and diuretics
negative chronotropw to reduce cardiac output = lower bp, further stimulate RAAS

Question 5

pathophysiology of hypertrophic cardiaomyopathy?

(4 marks)

Answer 5

• thickened heart muscle, less room for blood in chambers
• poor stroke volume leads to reduced cardiac output
• this reduces ventricular filling time and cycle continues

Question 6

drugs to treat hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?

(5 marks)

Answer 6

negative chronotrope = increases filling time of heart by slowing HR
calcium channel blockers
loop diuretics e.g. furosemide to reduce effusion / oedema