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cardiac medications Flashcards

1
Q

Beta blockers

A

-lol

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2
Q

Metoprolol

A

beta blocker

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3
Q

Atenolol

A

beta blocker

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4
Q

Beta Blocker Purpose

A

Monitor BP
Use caution with respiratory conditions

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5
Q

ACE Inhibitors

A

-pril

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6
Q

Enalapril

A

ACE Inhibitor

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7
Q

Lisinopril

A

ACE Inhibitor

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8
Q

ACE Inhibitors Purpose

A

help relax the veins and arteries to lower blood pressure

May interact with ASA and Nsaids
Monitor for anioedema

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9
Q

ARB’s

A

-sartan

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10
Q

Losartan

A

Angiotensin receptor blocker

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11
Q

Valsartan

A

Angiotensin receptor blocker

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12
Q

Angiotensin receptor blocker Purpose

A

Alternative if cough develops from ACE inhibitor

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13
Q

Calcium Channel Blocker

A

Zem, Dipines, Mil

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14
Q

Dilitzem

A

Calcium Channel Blocker

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15
Q

Amlodipine

A

Calcium Channel Blocker

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16
Q

Verampamil

A

Calcium Channel Blocker

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17
Q

Calcium Channel Blocker Purpose

A

Treat conditions affecting the heart and blood vessels, such as high blood pressure, chest pain, and abnormal heart rhythms

Avoid grapefruit juice
Concerns for pts with HF or heart block, decreases HR

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18
Q

a-adrenergic agonist

A

Works on CNS for HTN

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19
Q

Clonidine

A

a-adrenergic agonist

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20
Q

a-adrenergic agonist considerations

A

Sedation
Anticholinergic SE
Orthostatic Hypotension

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21
Q

a-adrenergic blockers

A

Produces vasodilation for HTN

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22
Q

Doxazosin

A

a-adrenergic blockers

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23
Q

a-adrenergic blockers considerations

A

May cause severe hypotension with ED medications (sildenafil)

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24
Q

Vasodilator

A

Reduces SVR and BP
Reduces preload SVR

For HTN

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25
Q

Nitroglycerin

A

Vasodilator

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26
Q

Vasodilator Considerations

A

Multiple routes
Sublingual for angina

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27
Q

Loop Diuretics

A

Increase exertion of Na and Cl

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28
Q

Furosemide

A

Loop Diuretic for HTN

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29
Q

Bumetanide

A

Loop Diuretic for HTN

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30
Q

Loop Diuretics Considerations

A

Monitor for orthostatic hypotension
Caution with NSAIDS
Encourage K-rich foods

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31
Q

Potassium-Sparring Diuretics

A

Reduces exertion of K and Na

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32
Q

Triamterene

A

Potassium-Sparring Diuretic for HTN

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33
Q

Spironolactone

A

Potassium-Sparring Diuretic for HTN

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34
Q

Potassium-Sparring Diuretics Considerations

A

Monitor for hyperkalemia

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35
Q

Thiazides

A

Increase excretion of Na and Cl

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36
Q

Hydrochlorothiazide

A

Thiazide

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37
Q

Thiazides Considerations

A

Encourages K-rich foods
Avoid NSAIDS

38
Q

Direct Vasodilators Purpose

A

Used for hypertensive crisis
Given by IV Infusion with pump

(wrap IV solutions in opaque material to protect from light)
Arterial monitoring of BP

39
Q

Direct Vasodilators Examples

A

Nicardipine, nitroglycerin, sodium nitroprusside

40
Q

Adrenergic Inhibitor

41
Q

Adrenergic Inhibitors Considerations

A

Keep supine during IV admin
SE
Severe orthostatic hypotension
DON’T DISCONTINUE ABRUPTLY

42
Q

During Hypertensive Crisis

A

Check BP and HR every 2-3 minutes
ECG monitoring on
U/O checked every hour
Bedrest

43
Q

Lipid-lowering

A

Lifelong therapy

44
Q

Lipid Lowering use of Statins

A

Uses statins to inhibit cholesterol synthesis, decrease LDL, increases HDL, and lower CRP

45
Q

Lipid Lowering use of Statins Considerations

A

Monitor for liver damage and myalgia

46
Q

Lipid Lowering use of Niacin

A

Lowers LDL and triglyceride by inhibiting synthesis
Increases HDL

SE: Flushing, GI, ortho hypotension

47
Q

Low dose ASA

48
Q

Antiplatelet Therapy

A

Clopidogrel (Plavix)

49
Q

Angina Drug Therapy Goal

A

Lower O2 demand and/or Increase O2 Supply

50
Q

MONA

A

morphine, oxygen, nitroglycerin and aspirin

51
Q

Short-acting Nitrates

A

Dilate peripheral and coronary blood vessels
Give sublingually or by spray
If no relief in 5 minutes, call EMS
If some relief, repeat for 5 minutes for 3 doses
Patient Teaching
Can use prophylactically

52
Q

Long-acting Nitrates

A

Reduce angina incidence

SE: Headache, orthostatic hypotension
Admin: Oral, NTG ointment, transdermal controlled release

53
Q

Angina Drug Therapy 01

A

ACE and ARB

54
Q

Angina Drug Therapy 02

A

Beta Blockers

55
Q

Angina Drug Therapy 04

A

Lipid lowering drugs

55
Q

Angina Drug Therapy 03

A

Calcium channel blockers

56
Q

STEMI

A

ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction

57
Q

Thrombolytics

A

Used for STEMI when cardiac cath not available

58
Q

Reteplase

A

Thrombolytics for STEMI

59
Q

Alteplase

A

Thrombolytics for STEMI

60
Q

Tenecteplase

A

Thrombolytics for STEMI

61
Q

STEMI Thrombolytics Requirement

A

Chest pain with STEMI
S/S started less than 12 hours ago

62
Q

STEMI Thrombolytics Contradictions

A

Need 2 IV Lines
Monitor ECG
Start heparin after admin
If bleeding starts, stop drug and notify provider (drop in BP, tachycardia, neuro changes, blood in urine/stool)

63
Q

CHF Acute Drug Therapy

A

Diuretics and Vasodilators
Morphine and Positive Inotropes

64
Q

Diuretics for CHF Acute

A

Decrease volume overload (preload)

Loop diuretics - Furosemide

65
Q

Vasodilators for CHF Acute

A

Reduce circulating blood volume and improve coronary artery circulation

IV nitroglycerin
Sodium Nitroprusside

66
Q

Morphine for CHF Acute

A

Reduces preload and afterload
Relieves dyspnea and anxiety

67
Q

Positive Inotropes for CHF Acute

A

Beta agonists (dopamine, dobutamine, norepinephrine [levophed])
Digitalis

68
Q

Chronic HF Drug Therapy

A

Diuretics, ACE Inhibitors, Beta blockers, vasodilators, positive inotropic agents, and ARB

69
Q

Diuretics for Chronic HF

A

Loop- Furosemide
Thiazide- Hydrochlorothiazide
Potassium Sparring- Spironolactone

70
Q

ACE Inhibitors for Chronic HF

A

Catopril and Enalapril

71
Q

ARB for Chronic HF

A

Losartan and Valsartan

72
Q

Beta Blockers for Chronic HF

A

Carvedilol
Check BP 1 hr after starting

73
Q

Vasodilators for Chronic HF

A

Nitrates and Hydralazine

74
Q

Positive Inotropic Agents for Chronic HF

A

Digitalis/Digoxin

Monitor labs (potassium, magnesium, digozin level)
Check apical HR for 1 full minute prior

75
Q

Inhibitor of Cardiac Sinus Node for Chronic HF

A

Ivabradine

Must be in sinus rhythm with resting HR of > 70 bpm and taking highest dose beta blockers

Inhibits sinus node
Reduces HR
Decreases risk of hospitalization for worsening HF

76
Q

ECG - Dysrhythmias

A

Atropine increases HR
Adenosine given for heart block
Amiodarone given for ventricular arrhthymias
Propranolol given for tachycardia
Epinephrine - PAC, PVCs, bradycardia, run of V tach

77
Q

Endocarditis (IV Antibiotics)

A

PO Antibiotics prevention

78
Q

Pericarditis

A

NSAIDS hard on the GI
Corticosteroids
Antibiotics

79
Q

Structural HD

A

Anticoagulants

80
Q

Interprofessional Care for ACE Inhibitors

A

Ramipril (Altace)

Decrease cardiovascular morbidity, mortality
Increase peripheral blood flow, ABI, and walking distance

81
Q

Interprofessional Care for Antiplatelet agents

A

Aspirin
Clopidogrel (Plavix)

82
Q

Treatment of intermittent claudication

A

Cliostazol (Pletal)
inhibits platelet aggregation
increases vasodilation

Pentoxifyline (Trental)
improves deformability of RBCs and WBCs
decreases fibrinogen concentration, platelet adhesiveness, and blood viscosity

83
Q

Vitamin K Agonists

A

Warfarin given PO same time every day

Antidote: Vitamin K
Monitor : INR

84
Q

Unfractionared Heparin

A

Heparin-Sodium given IV or SQ

Antidote: Protamine
Monitor: aPTT

85
Q

Low molecular weight heparin

A

Enoxaparin (Lovwnox) given SQ, don’t remove the bubble

Antidote: Protamine
Monitor: CBC

86
Q

Direct Thrombin Inhibitors

A

Bivalirudin (Angiomax)

Route: IV
Monitor: aPTT

87
Q

Factor Xa Inhibitor

A

Apixaban (Eliquis)
PO

88
Q

I lower cholsterol and must be taken at bedtime. Watch out for muscle pain!

89
Q

I am a fast-acting vasodilator taken sublingually for chest pain

A

Nitroglycerin

Don’t give with viagra (phil)

90
Q

I am a calcium channel blocker that relaxed blood vessels and reduces heart workload

A

Spironolactine
Triatemene

91
Q

I am a potassium-sparing diuretic used for heart failure, be careful with hyperkalemia

A

Zem, dipemene, mil

Med-Surg 2 (9 decks)

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