Cardiac Markers and Lipids Flashcards
This enzyme is very specific to the liver
ALT
Elevated levels of this enzyme are found in hepatitis, cirrhosis, bile duct obstruction, mono, and drugs (Rx or illicit)
ALT & AST
What is the normal ratio of AST/ALT?
0.8
A ratio of 2:1 in AST/ALT would mean?
alcoholic hepatitis
This enzyme is tested to detect alcohol indued liver disease
gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT)
The major value of this in the diagnosis of liver disorders is in the recognition of cholestatic (gallbladder) disease
Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP)
The most abundant plasma protein in the body
Albumin
_______ is essential for maintaining osmotic pressure in the intravascular compartments
Albumin
These 2 tests are used to determine clotting tendency of the blood, warfarin damage, vitamin K status, and liver damage
Prothrombin time and international normalized ration (PT & INR)
Is there increased or decreased levels of total protein in those who have chronic hepatitis B & C, HIV, multiple myeloma?
Increased levels
This enzyme is elevated in the presence of CA of many organs of the body
Lactatedehydrogenase (LDH)
What serum tests are used to measure damage to the heart?
Total creatinine kinase (CK) Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) Troponin Myoglobin B-type naturetic peptide (BNP)
This enzyme is used as a specific index of injury to myocardial and muscle tissue and a small amount in the brain
Creatinine Kinase (CK)
What are the 3 isoenzymes of CK?
CK BB
CK MB
CK MM
This CK isoenzyme is found primarily in the brain, GI and genitourinary tract. It is elevated with brain injury.
CK BB
This CK isoenzyme is found primarily in skeletal muscle
CK MM
This CK isoenzyme is found primarily in cardiac muscle
CK MB
Elevated levels of CK-MB indicate?
Myocardial damage
Increases in this enzyme indicate cellular death and leakage of enzyme from the cell
LDH
Elevated levels of LDH can be found in these diseases:
CHF Liver disease CA Lung disease Muscular dystrophy Megablastic anemia Hemolytic anemias MI
An elevation of this is considered the gold standard for detection of MI
Troponin
An oxygen binding protein of striated muscle
Myoglobin
Troponin levels are detected after how many hours after an MI?
3-12 hours
Troponin levels peak after how many hours of a MI?
18-24 hours
This enzyme is used to monitor treatment in patients who suffer from CHF?
BNP
If a patient is SOB with known history of CAD or MI, what test do you order?
BNP
An elevated total cholesterol level is associated with?
Increased risk of atherosclerosis and MI
HDL helps protect against?
Atherosclerosis
Higher amounts of VLDL are linked to?
A high risk of heart disease
When do you order a lipid panel?
When the patient has a risk factor: diabetes; smoking; age; obesity; HTN; FH of increased lipids; CAD
Reasons for increased triglycerides
hyperlipidemia pancreatitis liver disease alcoholism nephrotic syndrome hypothyroidism MI gout
