Cardiac Manifestations Laboy Flashcards
How can a systemic disease affect the heart?
- Increase demands on heart
- Cause arrhythmias
- Cause IHD and CAD
- Distort cardiac structure
DM is what type of risk factor for CAD, PAD, HF, MI and CVD?
Independent
What is the MC cause of death in DM 1 and 2?
CAD
Why do DM patients present atypically in IHD?
- Cardiac autonomic neuropathy from hyperglycemia
- Results in silent MI
What are “angina equivalent” symptoms in DM pts?
Nausea, dyspnea, pulm edema, arrhythmias, heart block, syncope
How does CAD develop in DM pts?
- Increased insulin resistance
- Endothelial dysfunction
- Thrombosis formation and platelet dysfunction
How does cardiomyopathy develop in DM?
DM triggers increased intra-ventricular collagen/fibrosis/inflammation (causes diastolic HF early on)
Hyperdynamic precordium is a cardiac manifestation of which systemic disease?
Hyperthyroidism
Cardiac symptoms a/w hyperthyroidism will respond to which medication?
PTU
Angina pectoris in hypothyroidism
Usually NOT experienced (low metabolic demands in hypothyroid)
How does protein energy malnutrition affect the heart?
- Myocardial atrophy
- Ventricular hypokinesis
- Systolic BP
- Generalized edema
What deficiency is found in many heart failure patients?
Thiamine (B1)
What deficiency is common in alcoholics?
Thiamine (B1)
Homocysteine and heart disease
Elevated homocysteine is an independent risk factor for athero
Deficiency in B6, 9 and 12 is inversely related to:
Homocysteine levels
How does obesity cause cardiac problems?
- Greater total blood volume to supply excess adipose tissue
- Heart is over burdened by having to pump blood against increased mass (afterload)
Chronic blood volume overload leads to:
HTN Exertional dyspnea (pulm congestion)
What is the MC cause of death in RA?
CV disease
What is the MC cardiac finding in RA?
Pericarditis
What is the MC cardiac complication of SLE?
Pericarditis
What layers of the heart can SLE affect?
ALL layers
What causes acute rheumatic fever?
Group A beta-hemolytic strep (GAS) upper airway infection (aka strep throat)
What is the MC cardiac manifestation of rheumatic heart disease?
Valvular
