Cardiac Hypertrophy Flashcards
What should occur to present a normal P wave?
Right atrial depolarisation starts and finishes before left atrial depolarisation finishes
Right atrial depolarisation usually begins as soon as impulse leaves SA node and spreads to adjacent myocardium
What is the normal height and duration of a P wave in lead 2?
amplitude - does not exceed 2.5mm
Duration- does not exceed 120ms
What is the characteristic of right atrial abnormality in lead II?
RA component of wave is INCREASED in amplitude and duration
amplitude greater than 2.5 mm
What conditions can cause right atrium abnormalities?
tricuspid valve disease
conditions which give rise to right ventricular hypertrophy;
- chronic pulmonary conditions
- Pulmonary valve stenosis
RA abnormality is also called…..
P Pulmonale
What are the morphology changes in lead II that indicate to left atrial abnormalities?
LA (end) of p wave is increased in amplitude and duration
Caused ‘M’ shape
p wave duration extended - longer than 120ms
How would left atrium enlargement/abnormalities change cardiac axis?
larger negative component
What are the morphology changes of the P wave in V1?
Broadened and biphasic
What conditions could cause LA abnormalities?
Mitral valve disease
conditions that cause left atrium hypertrophy;
ischaemic heart disease
aortic valve stenosis
LA abnormality is also called……
P Mitrale
What is bi-atrial abnormality?
components of both R and L abnormalities
What are the characteristics of Bi-atrial abnormalities?
P WAVE lead II - > 2.5mm + > 120ms
and/or
P WAVE V1- Large biphasic, + component > 2mm
- component >1mm and >40ms
and/or
P WAVE V1 > 2mm wide (>120ms) notched P waves in lead II or left pre cordial leads
What are some conditions which can lead to Bi-atrial abnormalities?
Congenital heart disease
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Pulmonary hypertension with aortic valve disease or mitral incompetance
