Cardiac History Lecture Powerpoint Flashcards
fuuu
Disorders that may manifest cardiovascular symptoms (6)
- poor cardiac output
- ischemia
- hypoxia
- valve defect
- inflammation/infection
- conduction problems
Sometimes women will complain of GI symptoms that are actually ____ in nature
cardiac
Chest pain (most of the time, sometimes other areas) upon exertion that is relieved upon rest, always assume….
….cardiac in nature until proven otherwise
Pain in an isolated spot on the chest wall is more likely ___ than ____
musculoskeletal, cardiovascular
Dependent edema or sudden weight gain are often signs of…
…. congestive heart failure
Dependent edema
Gravity dependent, refers to edema that shifts in observation depending on how the patient is positioned (if bed ridden in flanks and back, if upright then feet) often seen in congestive heart failure
Classic angina pain presentation
Sharp pain that radiates to the shoulders and sometimes the jaw
Syncope upon exertion is always…
….cardiovascular in origin until proven otherwise
Important inquiries about PMH in cardiac history (5)
- prior childhood dz (valvular dz, congenital heart dz, scarlatina)
- hypertension
- diabetes
- hyperlipidemia
- prior history of MI or angina
Sudden cardiac death history in family is…
…..a red flag for the current patient in case of genetic origin
Social factors of cardiovascular disease (4)
- tobacco use
- sedentary lifestyle
- high fat, processed fried foods
- alcohol more than 2 drinks a night for men and one a night for women
CAD non-modifiable vs modifiable risk factors
Non-modifiable cannot be changed such as hereditary, race, gender, and age while modifiable are habits and lifestyle
Issue with EKGing the entire population
Very sensitive test for heart conditions but very low specificity i.e. many false positives
Nocturia can be a sign of…
…congestive heart faillure (blood not flowing properly to kidneys until lying down)
Atrial fib can be due to or a cause of ____
Heart failure
Left sided heart failure results in blood pooling in the ___, right side results in blood pooling in the ___
lungs, extremities
Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
A form of orthopnea where a patient awakes suddenly with feeling of suffocation and has to quickly sit upright for relief, a sign of cardiovascular condition
2 viruses that can lead to viral cardiomyopathy with either chest pain or syptoms of CHF
Coxsackie virus and parvovirus
Emboli can be a sign of…
…cardiac arrhythmia by way of atrial fib resulting in pooling of blood in the atria which form clots that then disseminate to the vasculature of the lungs (or elsewhere)
Common conditions associated with symptoms in pediatric patients (6)
- hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
- long QT syndrome
- Marfan’s syndrome
- Arrhythmias
- Coarctation of aorta
- myocarditis/pericarditis
Common ROS in patients with cardiac issues (6)
- Chest pain
- palpitations
- claudication upon exertion
- Cocaine or other drug use
- Orthopnea
- recent viral illenss
Orthopnea (cardiac history)
Dyspnea that occurs in the recumbent position caused by redistribution of blood from abdominal and lower body venous vasculature to chest increasing workload of heart, develops within minutes of laying flat, often a sign of cardiac disease
claudication (cardiac history)
Sharp pain caused by absence of blood flow often experienced in the extremities and during exercise, often a sign of cardiac disease
Marfan syndrome
Genetic disorder of connective tissue that results in patients being tall and thin, often with very flexible joints. The worry is increased risk of mitral valve prolapse and aortic aneurysm, a diagnosis of marfan syndrome is often a sign of cardiac disease
Coarctation of aorta
Aortic arch narrowing, often congenital condition that results in a smaller aorta past the 3 great vessels that therefore requires left ventricle to work much harder to pump blood to perfuse the lower extremity, often a sign of cardiac disease
