Cardiac History Lecture Powerpoint

Question 1

Disorders that may manifest cardiovascular symptoms (6)

Answer 1

• poor cardiac output
• ischemia
• hypoxia
• valve defect
• inflammation/infection
• conduction problems

Question 2

Sometimes women will complain of GI symptoms that are actually ____ in nature

Answer 2

cardiac

Question 3

Chest pain (most of the time, sometimes other areas) upon exertion that is relieved upon rest, always assume….

Answer 3

….cardiac in nature until proven otherwise

Question 4

Pain in an isolated spot on the chest wall is more likely ___ than ____

Answer 4

musculoskeletal, cardiovascular

Question 5

Dependent edema or sudden weight gain are often signs of…

Answer 5

…. congestive heart failure

Question 6

Dependent edema

Answer 6

Gravity dependent, refers to edema that shifts in observation depending on how the patient is positioned (if bed ridden in flanks and back, if upright then feet) often seen in congestive heart failure

Question 7

Classic angina pain presentation

Answer 7

Sharp pain that radiates to the shoulders and sometimes the jaw

Question 8

Syncope upon exertion is always…

Answer 8

….cardiovascular in origin until proven otherwise

Question 9

Important inquiries about PMH in cardiac history (5)

Answer 9

• prior childhood dz (valvular dz, congenital heart dz, scarlatina)
• hypertension
• diabetes
• hyperlipidemia
• prior history of MI or angina

Question 10

Sudden cardiac death history in family is…

Answer 10

…..a red flag for the current patient in case of genetic origin

Question 11

Social factors of cardiovascular disease (4)

Answer 11

• tobacco use
• sedentary lifestyle
• high fat, processed fried foods
• alcohol more than 2 drinks a night for men and one a night for women

Question 12

CAD non-modifiable vs modifiable risk factors

Answer 12

Non-modifiable cannot be changed such as hereditary, race, gender, and age while modifiable are habits and lifestyle

Question 13

Issue with EKGing the entire population

Answer 13

Very sensitive test for heart conditions but very low specificity i.e. many false positives

Question 14

Nocturia can be a sign of…

Answer 14

…congestive heart faillure (blood not flowing properly to kidneys until lying down)

Question 15

Atrial fib can be due to or a cause of ____

Answer 15

Heart failure

Question 16

Left sided heart failure results in blood pooling in the ___, right side results in blood pooling in the ___

Answer 16

lungs, extremities

Question 17

Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea

Answer 17

A form of orthopnea where a patient awakes suddenly with feeling of suffocation and has to quickly sit upright for relief, a sign of cardiovascular condition

Question 18

2 viruses that can lead to viral cardiomyopathy with either chest pain or syptoms of CHF

Answer 18

Coxsackie virus and parvovirus

Question 19

Emboli can be a sign of…

Answer 19

…cardiac arrhythmia by way of atrial fib resulting in pooling of blood in the atria which form clots that then disseminate to the vasculature of the lungs (or elsewhere)

Question 20

Common conditions associated with symptoms in pediatric patients (6)

Answer 20

• hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
• long QT syndrome
• Marfan’s syndrome
• Arrhythmias
• Coarctation of aorta
• myocarditis/pericarditis

Question 21

Common ROS in patients with cardiac issues (6)

Answer 21

• Chest pain
• palpitations
• claudication upon exertion
• Cocaine or other drug use
• Orthopnea
• recent viral illenss

Question 22

Orthopnea (cardiac history)

Answer 22

Dyspnea that occurs in the recumbent position caused by redistribution of blood from abdominal and lower body venous vasculature to chest increasing workload of heart, develops within minutes of laying flat, often a sign of cardiac disease

Question 23

claudication (cardiac history)

Answer 23

Sharp pain caused by absence of blood flow often experienced in the extremities and during exercise, often a sign of cardiac disease

Question 24

Marfan syndrome

Answer 24

Genetic disorder of connective tissue that results in patients being tall and thin, often with very flexible joints. The worry is increased risk of mitral valve prolapse and aortic aneurysm, a diagnosis of marfan syndrome is often a sign of cardiac disease

Question 25

Coarctation of aorta

Answer 25

Aortic arch narrowing, often congenital condition that results in a smaller aorta past the 3 great vessels that therefore requires left ventricle to work much harder to pump blood to perfuse the lower extremity, often a sign of cardiac disease