EKG VI Lecture Powerpoint Flashcards
fuck
Ventricular arrhythmias occur from the…
….AV node down
Premature ventricular contraction (PVC)
-premature contraction caused by ectopic cardiac pacemaker/stimulus in ventricle, creates an abnormal QRS complex associated with a compensatory pause, common in 75% of people,
2 things that can cause a wide QRS
bundle branch block or PVC
PVC causes (4)
- enhanced automaticity
- sympathetic stimulation
- drug toxicity
- structural heart disease
If PVC’s go away during exercise they are typically…
…benign
PVC’s have a ____ compensatory pause
Full
ventricular tachycardia
3 or more successive PVC’s, nonsustained is less than 30 sec and sustained is more, rate >100bpm usually regular rhythm, may or may not see P waves
Ventricular tachycardia causes (3)
-ischemic heart disease, electrolyte abnormalities, reentry
Torsades de pointes
Form of polymorphic ventricular tachycardia assoc with prolonged QT interval >500ms, changes in amplitude and morehphology of QRS around isoelectric line, causes of prolonged QT interval can be congenital or acquired
Any patient with a syncopal episode needs a…
….cardiac treatment plan
Congenital QT syndrome
Channelopathy caused by genetic mutation of cardiac K or Na level, usually autosomal dominant, 1 in 2500 people, cause of 20% of all cardiac deaths
Things that can contribute to long QT syndrome
- antiarrhythmics
- antimicrobials
- antidepressants
Ventricular fib requires…
…electric shock
Brugada syndrome
Congenital channelopathy caused by mutation of cardiac Na+, K+ or Ca2+ , ST segment elevation in one of the right precordial leads (V1-V3) at baseline or after use of Na+ blockers, 3 subtypes
Commotio cordis
Ventricular fib caused by blunt, non-penetrating blow to chest during vulnerable portion of ventricular repolarization, more common in children and adolescents, more common with moderate to high velocity strike usually projectile right during a T wave