cardiac hemodynamics

Question 1

the ability to do work is which type of energy

Answer 1

potential

Question 2

energy of motion is which type of energy

Answer 2

kinetic

Question 3

normal BP

Answer 3

120/80

Question 4

high Bp

Answer 4

> 140/90 ON 2 OCCASION

Question 5

average pressure over the cardiac cycle is?

Answer 5

mean pressure

Question 6

the difference of pressure between two adj areas within the heart is….

Answer 6

pressure gradient

Question 7

whats the natural flow direction

Answer 7

high to low

Question 8

4 phases of cardiac cycle

Answer 8

1. IVCT
2. systole
3. IVRT
4. diastole

Question 9

describe what is happening during IVCT including the length of time

Answer 9

“same volume”

• between MV closure and AV opening
• rising pressure in LV from 5-80
• ventricles start to contract
• lasts 30-50ms

Question 10

describe what happens during ventricular systole

Answer 10

• LV/RV pressure exceeds semilunar valves

- finished when pressures fall below AV and PV

Question 11

where does muscle contraction begin in ventricles and how long does ventricular systole last

Answer 11

apex to base

200-300ms

Question 12

describe whats happening during IVRT and how long does it last

Answer 12

• constant volume, pressure falling in ventricles. Pressure in atria rise to prep for filling the ventricles
• 50-100ms

Question 13

describe what happens in diastole including time

Answer 13

• time when MV TV open and blood moves from atria to ventricles .. pressures in ventricles fall below atria. finishes when LV pressure rises above LA and MV shuts. 150-220ms

Question 14

stroke volume formula

Answer 14

SV=EDV-ESV

Question 15

cardiac output formula

Answer 15

CO=SVxHR

Question 16

Cardiac index formula

Answer 16

CI=CO/BSA

Question 17

Stroke volume formula using doppler

Answer 17

SV=CSA x VTI

Question 18

whats the oxygen saturation percentages in left and right side of the heart

Answer 18

98% left

75% right

Question 19

not enough O2 and nutrients to the heart muscle is called???

Answer 19

angina pectoris

Question 20

when affected arteries are blocked by 75%, angina pectoris is felt causing what?

Answer 20

ischemia

Question 21

the amount of VOLUME of blood in the ventricle at end diastole is ??

Answer 21

preload

Question 22

which law is this: heart adapts to different preloads by pumping the volume of blood delivered to it - the more blood that enters the heart, the greater the force of contraction required to elect the blood.

Answer 22

frank starling law of the heart

Question 23

the degree of stretch of the cells in the ventricular wall determined by the volume of blood within the chamber.

Answer 23

frank starling principle

Question 24

a slow HR has more time for ventricular filling leading to…

Answer 24

ventricular stretch

Question 25

high HR=less time for filling leading to …. what in regards to stretch

Answer 25

less time to stretch and expand

Question 26

what does an increase in preload in a normal heart do to inotropy

Answer 26

increases inotropy

Question 27

contractility of the heart is called what?

Answer 27

inotropic force

Question 28

resistance to ventricular emptying is termed?

Answer 28

after load

Question 29

factors affecting after load?

Answer 29

• viscosity
• high bP or hypertension
• vascular geometry (plaque)
• stenosis

Question 30

does inspiration decrease or increase venous return to the heart

Answer 30

increases

Question 31

length-tension relationship is termed..

Answer 31

frank starling principle/preload

Question 32

force velocity relationship is termed

Answer 32

inotropic force/contractility/afterload

Question 33

interval strength is termed

Answer 33

• chronotropic force/time for vents to fill/starlings P

Question 34

an increase in BLANK decreases stroke volume and CO

Answer 34

after load