Cardiac Auscultation Flashcards
How many heart sounds are there?
Four heart sounds.
What does the first heart sound represent? (S1 LUB)
MV & TV closure.
What is S1 composed of?
M1 (mitral) T1 (tricuspid) sounds
Does M1 or T1 happen first under normal circumstances?
M1 precedes T1
if there is a left bundle branch block, what might happen during S1 in regards to MV/TV?
T1 may precede M1
what does the second heart sound represent?
AV&PV closure
What would a very wide split between A2&P2 result from?(3 things)
RBBB, pulmonary stenosis and ASD
Describe what is happening during an S3 heart sound?
- not heard often
- normal in young patients and pregnant women
- abnormal later in life
- CHF??
- caused by increase volume of blood in ventricle when MV opens.
Is S3 caused by a valve issue?
NO
what does the S4 sound represent?
- not normal
- blood being forced from atria to very stiff ventricle
Does S4 occur with AFIB?
NO
What is a murmur?
turbulent flow through valves/vessels and shunts
name some common valvular pathologies causing a murmur
MVP, any valve stenosis or regurge
what type of sound does a valvular stenosis produce?
ejection clicks or snaps during the valve opening
6 factors in assessing murmurs
- which phase
- which portion of phase
- location
- radiation
- quality
- intensity
