Cardiac Function

Question 1

Where would you find the tricuspid valve and bicuspid valve?

Answer 1

Tricuspid is located between the right atrium and right ventricle
Bicuspid valve is located between the left atrium and left ventricle.

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Question 2

What is the function of the Vena Cava?

Answer 2

Carries deoxygenated blood from the body to the right atrium

Question 3

What is the function of the pulmonary artery

Answer 3

Carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs

Question 4

What is the function of the pulmonary vein

Answer 4

Delivers oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium

Question 5

What is the function of the aorta

Answer 5

Carries oxygenated blood from left ventricle to the body

Question 6

What separates the heart into left and right?

Answer 6

Septum

Question 7

What is the venous return?

Answer 7

The volume of blood returning to the heart via the veins

Question 8

What is stroke volume?

Answer 8

The amount of blood pumped out of the LEFT VENTRICLE in each contraction (per beat)

Question 9

What factors affect stroke volume?

Answer 9

Venous return
Elasticity of cardiac fibres
Contractibility of the cardiac tissue.

Question 10

What is the ejection fraction?

Answer 10

Percentage of blood pumped out of left ventricle per beat

Question 11

What is the cardiac output?

Answer 11

The amount of blood pumped out by the left ventricle per minute

Question 12

What is the relationship between stroke volume and cardiac output?

Answer 12

Cardiac output = stroke volume X heart rate

Question 13

What would a 6month training block of aerobic work have on the heart of a soccer player? ( 3 marks)

Answer 13

Hypertrophy
Athletes heart
Bradycardia
Increased capillarisation

Question 14

Explain the terms bradycardia and athletes heart (2marks)

Answer 14

Bradycardia is the decrease in resting heart rate below 60 bpm
Athletes heart is the increase in size of heart chambers due to strenuous exercise

Question 15

What physiological factors are responsible for bradycardia and athletes heart? (3marks)

Answer 15

Increased capillarisation
Increased contractibility
Increased stroke volume
Hypertrophy

Question 16

Define the terms cardiac output and stroke volume and explain the relationship between them (3marks)

Answer 16

Cardiac is the amount blood pumped out of the left ventricle per minute, stroke volume is the amount of blood pumped out of the heart by the left ventricle per beat
The relationship between the two is that cardiac output= stroke volume x heart rate

Question 17

The heart rate increases prior to and during exercise and reduces after exercise. Explain how these changes in hear rate occur (4marks)

Answer 17

Prior to exercise there is a release of adrenaline known as the anticipatory rise. During exercise there will be an increase in movement detected by proprioceptors and an increase in blood pressure (detected by baroreceptors) this sends a nerve impulse to the cardiac control centre which sends an impulse down the sympathetic pathway to the SAN to increase the heart rate.
After exercise more CO2 + lactic acid are produced and the chemoreceptors detect this and send a nerve impulse the carbon control centre, this send an impulse to the SAN via the parasympathetic system, telling it to decrease the heart rate.

Question 18

What is the difference between sympathetic and parasympathetic systems?

Answer 18

Sympathetic system increase heart rate
Parasympathetic decreases heart rate

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