Cardiac Exam Flashcards
1
Q
How do you inspect perfusion of the hands?
A
- Temperature
- Capillary refill
- Peripheral cyanosis
2
Q
What do you look for in the nails?
A
- Clubbing
- Splinter haemorrhage
- Quincke’s sign
3
Q
What are the cardaic causes of clubbing?
A
- Cyanotic congenital heart disease
- Infective endocarditis
4
Q
What do you look for on the palms?
A
- Extensor tendon xanthoma
- Osler’s nodes
- Janeway lesions
- Tar stain from smoking
- Palmar crease pallor
5
Q
What do you investigate on the arms?
A
- Bruising
- Radial pulse (rate, rhythm, volume)
- Blood pressure
6
Q
What do you look for in the face?
A
Colour - pallor, malar flush, ruddy plethoric complexion
- Swollen cyanotic face
7
Q
What do you look for in the eyes?
A
- Conjunctival pallor (anaemia, haemorrhages)
- Corneal arcus
- Xanthalasma
8
Q
What do you look for in the mouth?
A
- Central cyanosis
- Petechial haemorrhages
- Poor dental hygiene
- High arched palate
9
Q
What might cause raised JVP?
A
PQRST P - pulmonary hypertension/PE/PS/perdacritis/pleural effusion Q - quantity of fluid i.e. overload R - RHF S - SVC obstruction T - tamponade
10
Q
What surgical signs should you look for?
A
- Midline sternotomy
- Thoracotomy
- Pacemaker scar near left shoulder
11
Q
What is a thrill?
A
- Vibration at the skin surface
- Valvular defects, abnormally turbulent flow
e. g. thrill in left axilla could indicate mitral valve regurgitation
12
Q
What should be auscultated in a cardiovascular exam?
A
- Heart sounds
- Lung bases
