Cardiac Embryology

Question 1

what week does heart development start?

Answer 1

week 3

Question 2

steps of blood vessel development (4)

Answer 2

1. mitosis of mesoderm cells known as angioblasts
2. lumens form
3. vessels make blood cells
4. vessels connect with each other

Question 3

when does the heart start to pump?

Answer 3

day 22 or week 4

Question 4

what does the heart start as in the embryo?

Answer 4

it begins as vessels on each side called cords

Question 5

what is the name (2) of the cord the heart develops from?

Answer 5

angioblastic cords…aka endocardial heart tubes

Question 6

how do the two angioblastic cords come together?

Answer 6

fold together to form the heart tube

Question 7

what are the regions (5) in order of blood flow of the heart tube?

Answer 7

sinus venosus, atrium, ventricle, bulbus cordis, truncus arteriosus

Question 8

what is funny about atrium and ventricle in the heart tube?

Answer 8

ventricle is on top of atrium and eventually move around to normal position

Question 9

the atrium and ventricle grow septum from what tissue?

Answer 9

endocardial cushion

Question 10

what are the names of the four structures that precede the foramen ovale?

Answer 10

septum primum, foramen primum, foramen secundum, septum secundum

Question 11

what is the name of the valve that controls the foramen ovale opening?

Answer 11

septum primum

Question 12

in what direction does the interventricular septum grow?

Answer 12

from base to atria

Question 13

what tissue do the Av valves come from?

Answer 13

endocardial cushion

Question 14

what does the truncus arteriosus divide into?

Answer 14

aorta and pulmonary trunk

Question 15

role of ductus venosus in fetal circulation

Answer 15

helps umbilical vein to bypass liver

Question 16

role of ductus arteriosus in fetal circulation

Answer 16

diverts pulmonary artery to aorta so you bypass the lungs

Question 17

do the umbilical veins flow to or from the heart?

Answer 17

to the heart…from the placenta

Question 18

do the umbilical arteries flow to or from the heart?

Answer 18

from the heart and to the placenta

Question 19

where do the umbilical veins enter the heart?

Answer 19

they combine with the inferior vena cava

Question 20

where do the umbilical arteries branch from?

Answer 20

from the iliac arteries

Question 21

starting in the left atrium…give the flow of fetal circulation

Answer 21

left atrium to left ventricle…out aorta…to the arteries where a branch of iliac turns into the umbilical artery…other than that it goes to capillaries and returns via venous system to inferior and superior vena cava…also returning with inferior is the umbilical vein carrying oxygenated blood to the right atrium…here they can get shunted to left atrium or go into right atrium and pushed out into pulmonary trunk that has ductus arteriosus to allow into aorta and avoid pulmonary circulation

Question 22

what does the umbilical vein turn into once born?

Answer 22

ligamentum teres

Question 23

what do the umbilical arteries turn into after birth?

Answer 23

medial umbilical ligaments

Question 24

what does the ductus venosus turn into after birth?

Answer 24

ligamentum venosum

Question 25

what does the ductus arteriosus turn into after birth?

Answer 25

ligamentum arteriosum

Question 26

how does the foramen ovale close at birth? when does this turn permanent?

Answer 26

the septum primum valve closes off

5 years of age

Question 27

what cells help make the aorticopulmonry septum?

Answer 27

neural crest cells

Question 28

what is the aorticopulmonary septum?

Answer 28

septum dividing the pulmonary trunk and the aorta

Question 29

what does the aorticopulmonary septum attach to?

Answer 29

intervnetricular septum

Question 30

what does the bulbus cordis become in adult heart?

Answer 30

smooth parts of ventricle

Question 31

what does the primitive ventricle become in adult heart?

Answer 31

trabeculated parts of ventricle

Question 32

what does the sinus venosus become in the adult heart?

Answer 32

right atrium and coronary sinus

Question 33

what does the primitive atrium become in the adult heart?

Answer 33

trabeculated atria