Cardiac Drugs

Question 1

alpha-1 adrenergic agonist

Answer 1

Blood pressure (Hypotension)
Nasal Congestion

*Phenylephrine, alt for pseudoephedrine

AE:

• ^BP and HR
• Headaches
• Rebound nasal congestion
• Sleep disturbance
• Reflex bradycardia

Question 2

beta-adrenergic agonist

Answer 2

Hemodynamic imbalances
Arrhythmias
Shock

*Unstable/ICU pts: Dopamine

AE:

• Hypotension
• Nausea/vomiting
• Headache

Question 3

alpha-adrenergic antagonists

Answer 3

HTN
CHF
Hyperplasia (^ prostate) –>leaky bladder
Raynaud’s Syndrome

AE:

• Syncope, dizziness, lethargy
• Hypotension

Question 4

Rebound

Answer 4

Worsened condition with halt in medication

Question 5

Angina

Answer 5

Chest pain caused by ischemia to myocardial muscles

Question 6

Diuretics

Answer 6

*Encourage shed of excess fluid

HTN
Edema
CHF

AE:

• Affects fluid/electrolyte balance
• Hypotension

Question 7

Hyperkalemia

Answer 7

High potassium

Question 8

Hypokalemia

Answer 8

Low potassium

Question 9

Syncope

Answer 9

Fainting, vasovagal response

Question 10

beta blockers

Answer 10

HTN
CHF
Angina
Migraine headaches

“-olol”

• Selective = specific to heart
• Nonselective = heart and lungs

AE:

• Depression
• Diarrhea
• Rebound HTN

Question 11

Ca-channel blockers

Answer 11

HTN
Arrhythmias
Angina

AE:

• Constipation
• Headaches
• Peripheral edema

Question 12

ACE inhibitors

Answer 12

1 HTN medication

HTN
CHF
LVD, post MI
Diabetic nephropathy

“-pril”

• Kidney protective
• Reverses remodeling of heart and retinopathy
• K sparing –> great to pair with diuretic

AE:

• Dry cough
• Angioedema

Question 13

LVD

Answer 13

(Left Ventricular Dysfunction)

Question 14

Angioedema

Answer 14

Swelling of eyes, lips, throat below skin surface

Question 15

Neutropenia

Answer 15

Low WBCs (Neutrophils)

Question 16

angiotensin receptor blockers

Answer 16

HTN
Diabetic nephropathy
Decreases risk of stroke
CHF

AE:

• Rhabdomyolysis
• Hypotension
• Fatigue

Question 17

Rhabdomyolysis

Answer 17

Breakdown of muscle tissue

-Fibers release myoglobin into blood

Question 18

LVH

Answer 18

(Left Ventricular Hypertrophy)
= thickening of myocardium
–>HTN, increased afterload

Question 19

selective aldosterone receptor blockers

Answer 19

HTN following MI

AE:

• Hyponatremia
• Flu-like symptoms

Question 20

Hypernatremia

Answer 20

High sodium

Question 21

Hyponatremia

Answer 21

Low sodium

Question 22

centrally-acting alpha-2 agonists

Answer 22

HTN
Decrease HR

• Clonidine
  
  • black market use as withdrawal treatment

AE:

• Dry mouth
• Bradycardia
• Rebound HTN

Question 23

statins

Answer 23

Hyperlipidemia

• Increases HDL
• Decreases LDL / VDL / Triglycerides

“-statin”

AE:

• Rhabdomyolysis
• Myalgia

Question 24

Hyperlipidemia

Answer 24

High cholesterol

Question 25

nicotinic acid

Answer 25

Hyperlipidemia *Increases vasodilation = flushed face

Question 26

Myalgia

Answer 26

Muscle pain

Question 27

Myasthenia

Answer 27

Muscle weakness

Question 28

Asthenia

Answer 28

Weakness

Question 29

bile acid

Answer 29

Hyperlipidemia * Grain drug --> constipation * Interferes with lipid-soluble vitamins

Question 30

cardiac glycosides

Answer 30

CHF Chronic Atrial Fibrillation AE: - Need K in diet --> ventricular fibrillation - Dementia *Narrow TI

Question 31

Fibrillation

Answer 31

Rapid, irregular, unsynchronized contraction of muscle fibers

Question 32

Defibrillation

Answer 32

Electric shock delivered to heart to regulate heart rhythms

Question 33

anticoagulants

Answer 33

Interfere with clotting cascade and prolong clotting time = bleeding --> subdural hematomas *Coumadin, Heparin, Warfarin

Question 34

Hematuria

Answer 34

Blood in urine

Question 35

Thrombocytopenia

Answer 35

Low platelet count

Question 36

antiplatelets

Answer 36

Prevent platelets from sticking together *Aspirin

Question 37

Epistaxis

Answer 37

Nosebleed

Question 38

low weight molecular heparins

Answer 38

DVT prophylaxis (LE joint replacements) * No lab work * Less risk of bleeding * No special diet * Pts inject themselves

Question 39

Prophylaxis

Answer 39

Medication/measure to prevent health problems

Question 40

Doubling Up

Answer 40

Taking multiple OTC meds at one time

Question 41

Compensatory Measures for Heart

Answer 41

Move --> Dangle/rest, talk --> sit up / stand with head down --> erect one vertebra at a time

Question 42

Why patients stop taking meds

Answer 42

1. Adverse Effects 2. Cost 3. Selling 4. Family members taking