Cardiac Drugs Flashcards
alpha-1 adrenergic agonist
Blood pressure (Hypotension) Nasal Congestion
*Phenylephrine, alt for pseudoephedrine
AE:
- ^BP and HR
- Headaches
- Rebound nasal congestion
- Sleep disturbance
- Reflex bradycardia
beta-adrenergic agonist
Hemodynamic imbalances
Arrhythmias
Shock
*Unstable/ICU pts: Dopamine
AE:
- Hypotension
- Nausea/vomiting
- Headache
alpha-adrenergic antagonists
HTN
CHF
Hyperplasia (^ prostate) –>leaky bladder
Raynaud’s Syndrome
AE:
- Syncope, dizziness, lethargy
- Hypotension
Rebound
Worsened condition with halt in medication
Angina
Chest pain caused by ischemia to myocardial muscles
Diuretics
*Encourage shed of excess fluid
HTN
Edema
CHF
AE:
- Affects fluid/electrolyte balance
- Hypotension
Hyperkalemia
High potassium
Hypokalemia
Low potassium
Syncope
Fainting, vasovagal response
beta blockers
HTN
CHF
Angina
Migraine headaches
“-olol”
- Selective = specific to heart
- Nonselective = heart and lungs
AE:
- Depression
- Diarrhea
- Rebound HTN
Ca-channel blockers
HTN
Arrhythmias
Angina
AE:
- Constipation
- Headaches
- Peripheral edema
ACE inhibitors
1 HTN medication
HTN
CHF
LVD, post MI
Diabetic nephropathy
“-pril”
- Kidney protective
- Reverses remodeling of heart and retinopathy
- K sparing –> great to pair with diuretic
AE:
- Dry cough
- Angioedema
LVD
(Left Ventricular Dysfunction)
Angioedema
Swelling of eyes, lips, throat below skin surface
Neutropenia
Low WBCs (Neutrophils)
angiotensin receptor blockers
HTN
Diabetic nephropathy
Decreases risk of stroke
CHF
AE:
- Rhabdomyolysis
- Hypotension
- Fatigue
Rhabdomyolysis
Breakdown of muscle tissue
-Fibers release myoglobin into blood
LVH
(Left Ventricular Hypertrophy)
= thickening of myocardium
–>HTN, increased afterload
selective aldosterone receptor blockers
HTN following MI
AE:
- Hyponatremia
- Flu-like symptoms
Hypernatremia
High sodium
Hyponatremia
Low sodium
centrally-acting alpha-2 agonists
HTN
Decrease HR
- Clonidine
- black market use as withdrawal treatment
AE:
- Dry mouth
- Bradycardia
- Rebound HTN
statins
Hyperlipidemia
- Increases HDL
- Decreases LDL / VDL / Triglycerides
“-statin”
AE:
- Rhabdomyolysis
- Myalgia
Hyperlipidemia
High cholesterol
nicotinic acid
Hyperlipidemia
*Increases vasodilation = flushed face
Myalgia
Muscle pain
Myasthenia
Muscle weakness
Asthenia
Weakness
bile acid
Hyperlipidemia
- Grain drug –> constipation
- Interferes with lipid-soluble vitamins
cardiac glycosides
CHF
Chronic Atrial Fibrillation
AE:
- Need K in diet –> ventricular fibrillation
- Dementia
*Narrow TI
Fibrillation
Rapid, irregular, unsynchronized contraction of muscle fibers
Defibrillation
Electric shock delivered to heart to regulate heart rhythms
anticoagulants
Interfere with clotting cascade and prolong clotting time
= bleeding –> subdural hematomas
*Coumadin, Heparin, Warfarin
Hematuria
Blood in urine
Thrombocytopenia
Low platelet count
antiplatelets
Prevent platelets from sticking together
*Aspirin
Epistaxis
Nosebleed
low weight molecular heparins
DVT prophylaxis (LE joint replacements)
- No lab work
- Less risk of bleeding
- No special diet
- Pts inject themselves
Prophylaxis
Medication/measure to prevent health problems
Doubling Up
Taking multiple OTC meds at one time
Compensatory Measures for Heart
Move –> Dangle/rest, talk –> sit up / stand with head down –> erect one vertebra at a time
Why patients stop taking meds
- Adverse Effects
- Cost
- Selling
- Family members taking
