Cardiac Drugs Flashcards
what drugs are thiazide diuretics
HTCZ, Chlorthalidone, metolazone
What are the adverse effects of thiazide diuretics?
Orthostatic hyPOtension
hypoKalemia, Hyponatermia, HyPERcalcemia, increase in uric acid, increase glucose
What are the adverse effects of thiazide diuretics?
Orthostatic hyPOtension
hypoKalemia, Hyponatermia, HyPERcalcemia, increase in uric acid, increase glucose
what drugs are thiazide diuretics
HTCZ, Chlorthalidone, metolazone
how do aldosterone receptor blockerswork
competes with aldosterone, prevents sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion in the distal tubule
What are the adverse effects of thiazide diuretics?
Orthostatic hyPOtension
hypoKalemia, Hyponatermia, HyPERcalcemia, increase in uric acid, increase glucose
how do potassium sparing drugs work
block sodium reabsportion, and potassium excretion independent of aldosterone
How do loop diuretics work?
inhibit transport of sodium, chloride and potassium in the ascending lop of Henle excreting these ions
what are the adverse effects of loop diuretics
hypokalemia, hyponatermia, hypocalcemia, hypomagenesmia and Increase in uric acid
Ototoxic
Increase Serum Creatinine
How do ACE work
inhibit ACE to block the production of ATII
which inhibits the breakdown of bradykinin which is a vasodilator
Also dilates efferent arteriole of kidney
how do aldosterone receptor blockerswork
competes with aldosterone, prevents sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion
which drugs are postassium receptor blockers
Triamterene
Amiloride
how do potassium sparing drugs work
block sodium reabsportion, and potassium excretion independent of aldosterone
what are the adverse effects of potassium sparing diuretics
Spironolactone?
HYPERKALEMIA
SPironoloactone: gynocomastia, menstrual irregularities
what drugs are part of the ACE inhibitors
anything that ends on -pril
Lisinopril
captoril
enalapril
what beta blockers are alpha and beta blockers
Carvedilol and labetalol
what should you monitor with ACE’s
Potassium and Serum Creatinine 4 wks after initiation or dose change
Angioedema (lip and tongue swelling) if you get it you can never use an ACE again
what drugs are part of ARB
anything ending in -sartan Candesartan Eprosartan Irbesartan Losartan Valsartan
how do ARBs work
inhibits angiotensin II at its receptor but does not inhibit bradykinin breakdown
what are the adverse effects of ARBs
Angioedema
hyperkalemia
What beta blockers are cardioselective AMEBBA?
Atenolol,metoprolol,esmolol,bisoprolol,betaxolol,
acebutolol
what beta blockers are alpha and beta blockers
Carvedilol and labetalol
what are common adverse effects of beta blockers
tired, fatigue, depressed, chest might feel different due to change in heart beat
Rebound HTN if stopped abruptly
relative contraindications to beta blockers
Asthma COPD (bronchospasm) Diabetes (masks hypoglycemic response) Peripheral vascular disease heart block Acute heart failure
adverese effects of dyhydropyridines
periphereal edema
reflex tachycardia
flushing
what calcium channel blockers are dyhydropyridines?
Amlodipine
Felodipine
Isradipine
Nifedipine
how do calcium channel blockers work?
inhibits calcium influx into cells and prevents muscle contraction.
how do dyhydropyridines work
inhibits calcium influx into vascular smooth muscule causing peripheral vasodilation
how to non-dyhydropyridines work
inhibits cardiac smooth muscle which decreases heart contraction force and rate
adverse reactions to all non-dyhydropyridiens
Bradicardia
CHF exacerbation
Heart Block
Gingival hyperplasia (gums separate from teeth)
adverese effects of dyhydropyridines
periphereal edema
reflex tachycardia
flushing
what drugs are part of the alpha 1 blockers?
Prazosin Terazosin Doxazosin Tamsulosin Alfuzosin
how do alpha blockers work
inhibits alpha 1 receptors in the periphery which causes vasodilation
what drugs are part of the alpha 2 agonists
methyldopa
Clonidine
how do alpha 2 agonists work?
stimulate alpha 2 receptors in brain which reduces outflow from brain which produces a decrease in BP and Peripheral vascular resistance
what are the adverse reactions to methyldopa
liver toxicities, hemolytic anemia
what are the adverse effects of clonidine
rash with a patch
dry mouth, sedation, constipation and urinary retention
Clonidine is available as a patch
what drugs are vasodilators
hydralazine
minoxidil
how do vasodilators work
directly vasodilate especially in arteries and arterioles which decreases vascular resistance
hydralazine adverse effects
lupus like syndrome of dermatitis, fever, peripheral neuropath, hepatitis
minoxidil adverse effects
hirsutism
