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PANCE > Cardiac Drugs > Flashcards

Cardiac Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

what drugs are thiazide diuretics

A

HTCZ, Chlorthalidone, metolazone

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2
Q

What are the adverse effects of thiazide diuretics?

A

Orthostatic hyPOtension

hypoKalemia, Hyponatermia, HyPERcalcemia, increase in uric acid, increase glucose

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3
Q

What are the adverse effects of thiazide diuretics?

A

Orthostatic hyPOtension

hypoKalemia, Hyponatermia, HyPERcalcemia, increase in uric acid, increase glucose

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4
Q

what drugs are thiazide diuretics

A

HTCZ, Chlorthalidone, metolazone

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5
Q

how do aldosterone receptor blockerswork

A

competes with aldosterone, prevents sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion in the distal tubule

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6
Q

What are the adverse effects of thiazide diuretics?

A

Orthostatic hyPOtension

hypoKalemia, Hyponatermia, HyPERcalcemia, increase in uric acid, increase glucose

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7
Q

how do potassium sparing drugs work

A

block sodium reabsportion, and potassium excretion independent of aldosterone

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8
Q

How do loop diuretics work?

A

inhibit transport of sodium, chloride and potassium in the ascending lop of Henle excreting these ions

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9
Q

what are the adverse effects of loop diuretics

A

hypokalemia, hyponatermia, hypocalcemia, hypomagenesmia and Increase in uric acid
Ototoxic
Increase Serum Creatinine

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10
Q

How do ACE work

A

inhibit ACE to block the production of ATII
which inhibits the breakdown of bradykinin which is a vasodilator
Also dilates efferent arteriole of kidney

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11
Q

how do aldosterone receptor blockerswork

A

competes with aldosterone, prevents sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion

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12
Q

which drugs are postassium receptor blockers

A

Triamterene

Amiloride

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13
Q

how do potassium sparing drugs work

A

block sodium reabsportion, and potassium excretion independent of aldosterone

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14
Q

what are the adverse effects of potassium sparing diuretics

Spironolactone?

A

HYPERKALEMIA

SPironoloactone: gynocomastia, menstrual irregularities

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15
Q

what drugs are part of the ACE inhibitors

A

anything that ends on -pril
Lisinopril
captoril
enalapril

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16
Q

what beta blockers are alpha and beta blockers

A

Carvedilol and labetalol

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17
Q

what should you monitor with ACE’s

A

Potassium and Serum Creatinine 4 wks after initiation or dose change
Angioedema (lip and tongue swelling) if you get it you can never use an ACE again

18
Q

what drugs are part of ARB

A 
anything ending in -sartan
Candesartan
Eprosartan
Irbesartan
Losartan
Valsartan
19
Q

how do ARBs work

A

inhibits angiotensin II at its receptor but does not inhibit bradykinin breakdown

20
Q

what are the adverse effects of ARBs

A

Angioedema

hyperkalemia

21
Q

What beta blockers are cardioselective AMEBBA?

A

Atenolol,metoprolol,esmolol,bisoprolol,betaxolol,

acebutolol

22
Q

what beta blockers are alpha and beta blockers

A

Carvedilol and labetalol

23
Q

what are common adverse effects of beta blockers

A

tired, fatigue, depressed, chest might feel different due to change in heart beat
Rebound HTN if stopped abruptly

24
Q

relative contraindications to beta blockers

A 
Asthma COPD (bronchospasm)
Diabetes (masks hypoglycemic response)
Peripheral vascular disease
heart block
Acute heart failure
25
Q

adverese effects of dyhydropyridines

A

periphereal edema
reflex tachycardia
flushing

26
Q

what calcium channel blockers are dyhydropyridines?

A

Amlodipine
Felodipine
Isradipine
Nifedipine

27
Q

how do calcium channel blockers work?

A

inhibits calcium influx into cells and prevents muscle contraction.

28
Q

how do dyhydropyridines work

A

inhibits calcium influx into vascular smooth muscule causing peripheral vasodilation

29
Q

how to non-dyhydropyridines work

A

inhibits cardiac smooth muscle which decreases heart contraction force and rate

30
Q

adverse reactions to all non-dyhydropyridiens

A

Bradicardia
CHF exacerbation
Heart Block
Gingival hyperplasia (gums separate from teeth)

31
Q

adverese effects of dyhydropyridines

A

periphereal edema
reflex tachycardia
flushing

32
Q

what drugs are part of the alpha 1 blockers?

A 
Prazosin
Terazosin
Doxazosin
Tamsulosin
Alfuzosin
33
Q

how do alpha blockers work

A

inhibits alpha 1 receptors in the periphery which causes vasodilation

34
Q

what drugs are part of the alpha 2 agonists

A

methyldopa

Clonidine

35
Q

how do alpha 2 agonists work?

A

stimulate alpha 2 receptors in brain which reduces outflow from brain which produces a decrease in BP and Peripheral vascular resistance

36
Q

what are the adverse reactions to methyldopa

A

liver toxicities, hemolytic anemia

37
Q

what are the adverse effects of clonidine

A

rash with a patch
dry mouth, sedation, constipation and urinary retention
Clonidine is available as a patch

38
Q

what drugs are vasodilators

A

hydralazine

minoxidil

39
Q

how do vasodilators work

A

directly vasodilate especially in arteries and arterioles which decreases vascular resistance

40
Q

hydralazine adverse effects

A

lupus like syndrome of dermatitis, fever, peripheral neuropath, hepatitis

41
Q

minoxidil adverse effects

A

hirsutism

PANCE (8 decks)

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