Cardiac drugs Flashcards by Alaina Francis

neostigmine/Pyridostigmine

AChE inhibitor used in the TREATMENT of myasthenia gravis

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Abciximab

anti-platelet aggregation and activation GPIIb/IIIa receptor antagonist monoclonal antibody prevents ADP binding to a platelet receptor

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tubocurarine/vecuronium

Nicotinic receptor antagonist pre-surgical skeletal muscle relaxant non-depolarising

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cocaine

blocks NA reuptake

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atenlolol

B1 adrenoceptor antagonist - used for HT

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ACE inhibitors

prils””

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phenylephrine

alpha1 adrenoceptor agonist (BVs) used as a nasal decongestant

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clopidigrel

anti-platelet aggregation and activation ADP receptor antagonist prevents binding of ADP to its receptor on platelets –> prevents platelet activation

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beta-adrenoceptor antagonists

olols””

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ivabradine

anti-angina specific and selective inhibition of the inward funny current in the sinus node - slows HR

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fenofibrate

treatment for hypertriglyceridaemia agonist at nuclear receptors, so regulate gene expression –> increased synthesis of lipoprotein lipase –> increase the lipolysis of TG –> free FA

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indirectly acting sympathomimetics

amphetamine ephedrine tyramine

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atropine

anti-muscurinic reduces secretions and produces bronchodilation (anaesthesia) for certain types of bradycardia pupil dilation AChE inhibitor poisoning

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hexamethonium

nicotinic receptor antagonist ganglion blocker

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donepezil

AChE inhibitor used in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (enters BBB well)

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pilocarpine

muscarinic receptor agonist reduces intraoccular pressure for glaucoma

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muscurinic receptor antagonists

atropine hysocine ipratropium

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dobutamine

B1 adrenoceptor agonist (heart) - increases HR and force of contraction

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lignocaine

Na+ channel blocker shorten repolarisation decrease ERP

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gemfibrozil

treatment for hypertriglyceridaemia agonist at nuclear receptors, so regulate gene expression –> increased synthesis of lipoprotein lipase –> increase the lipolysis of TG –> free FA

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phentolamine

alpha 1 and 2 adrenoceptor antagonist

niacin

treatment for hypercholesterolaemia mechanism unclear –> reduces secretion of VLDL from liver and therefore reduces plasma LDL and TG

Digoxin

Cardiac glycoside - inhibits Na/K ATPase pump in cardiac myocytes –> increasing Ca store in SR and therefore increases contractility

ezetimibe

treatment for hypercholesterolaemia specifically inhibits cholesterol absorption in the intestine by binding to a sterol transporter

beta adrenoceptor antagonists

B1 and B2 - propranolol B1 - atenolol

isosorbide dinitrate

long-acting nitrate used to treat angina reduces preload via venous dilation

GTN

nitrate - used to treat angina reduces preload via venous dilation

Verapamil

cardioselective Ca2+ channel blocker Acts preferentially on the AV and SA nodes slows conduction velocity and increases refractoriness

Calcium channel blockers

verapamil diltiazem felodipine nifedipine

edrophonium

AChE inhibitor used in DIAGNOSIS of myaesthenia gravis

streptokinase

fibrinolytic drug activates plasminogen antigenic - single use only IV

prazosin

alpha1 adrenoceptor antagonist used in hypertension

aspirin

anti-platelet aggregation and activation irreversible COX inhibitor --\> reduced thromboxane synthesis --\> decreased platelet aggregation and vasoconstriction

carvedilol

Beta 1 and alpha 1 blocker Vasodilation --\> reduces afterload Decreases HR and contracility Inhibits renin release and subsequent effects Protects against R downregulation

alteplase

fibrinolytic drug more active on fibrin bound plasminogen IV

hydrochlorothiazide

diuretic used to treat high blood pressure

isoprenaline

B1 and B2 adrenoceptor agonist

warfarin

anti-coagulant inhibits reduction of vitamin K --\> inhibiting gamma carboxylation of glutamate in factors II, VII, IX and X

alpha 1 and 2 antagonists

alpha 1 and 2 = phentolamine alpha 1 = prazosin

Furosemide

Diuretic for treatment of heart failure Acts on the loop of henle Reduces blood volume and therefore preload

AChE inhibitors

edrophonium neostigmine pyridostigmine donepezil

propranolol

B1 and B2 adrenoceptor antagonist

dobutamine

beta1-adrenoceptor agonist Increase HR and contracility Used for acute heart failure Not used for chronic - as increases oxygen demand of heart muscle and increases the risk of arrythmias

heparin

anti-coagulant enhances activity of antithrombin III --\> inactivates Xaand thrombin

Spirolactone

Aldosterone receptor antagonist Inhibits aldosterone action of cortical and distal tubules of nephron (K+ sparing)

Nicotinic receptor antagonists

tubocurarine/vecuronium hexamethonium

beta adrenoceptor agonists

B1 and B2 - isoprenaline B1 - dobutamine B2 - salbutamol

cholestyramine

treatment for hypercholesterolaemia bile acid sequestrants/resins - binds bile acid preventing gut absorption and increasing the demand for cholesterol for bile acid synthesis -----\> reduces cholesterol in the blood

hyoscine

anti-muscurinic motion sickness

Metoprolol

Beta1 blocker Decreases HR and contracility Inhibits renin release and subsequent effects Protects against R downregulation

Angiotensin receptor antagonists

sartans""

colestipol