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Cardiopulmonary > Cardiac Disorders & Rehab > Flashcards

Cardiac Disorders & Rehab Flashcards

1
Q

What BP is considered hypertension?

A

140/90

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2
Q

What is malignant hypertension?

A

Diastolic BP > 125

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3
Q

What protein & value indicates high risk for atherosclerosis?

A

C-reactive protein> 3.0 mg/L

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4
Q

Optimal total cholesterol level?

A

< 200; >240 is high risk!

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5
Q

Optimal HDL level?

A

> 60; <40 is high risk!

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6
Q

Optimal LDL level?

A

< 100; >190 is high risk!

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7
Q

Optimal triglyceride level?

A

< 150; >500 is high risk!

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8
Q

What indicates acute MI on EKG?

A

ST elevation on V5 & V6

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9
Q

What indicates angina on EKG?

A

ST depression on V5 & V6

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10
Q

What heart sounds indicates MI?

A

S4

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11
Q

How long do sternal precautions last?

A

6-9 weeks

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12
Q

What should you do first in therapy after CABG?

A

Check incision site

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13
Q

What is least likely to be performed in evaluation after CABG?

A

MMT (don’t want to Valsalva)

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14
Q

Increased cardiac biomarkers indicate?

A

Myocardial infarction has occured and pt is not prepared for PT until levels return to normal

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15
Q

What does an echocardiogram show?

A
  1. Ventricular wall motion
  2. Cardiac valve function
  3. Estimation of ejection fraction
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16
Q

Why perform ETT?

A

To determine the RPP & the workload necessary for ischemic threshold before beginning aerobic ex

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17
Q

What is RPP?

A

The myocardial oxygen demand for workload

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18
Q

Symptoms of CHF?

A

SOB, orthopnea, pulmonary edema, anxiety & fatigue

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19
Q

Symptoms of right heart failure?

A

Depdendent edema, jugular vein distnsion, ascites (peritoneal edema)

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20
Q

What test is diagnostic for CHF?

A

Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) > 500 (normal <100)

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21
Q

At home testing for CHF:

A
  1. Increased HR
  2. Decreased BP
  3. H2O sounds in lungs
  4. S3 added heart sound
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22
Q

Diagnostic values of ABI:

A

0.71-0.90 mild PAD
0.41-0.70 moderate PAD
<0.40 severe PAD

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23
Q

What indicates a TRUE aneurysm?

A

50% increase in noral diameter of vessel with weaking fo all 3 vessel layers

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24
Q

S1 heart sounds?

A

Closure of MITRAL & tricuspid valves

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25
S2 heart sounds?
Closure of AORTIC & pulmonic valve
26
What is a significant change in going from supine to sit?
> 10 mmHg change in DBP
27
Normal resting RR?
12-20 breaths/min
28
What causes an S4 heart sound?
Hypertension, ischemia, & cardiomyopathy
29
Duration of Phase 1:
Day 1 post event > discharge from hospital
30
Duration of Phase 2:
Immediately after discharge > 6 weks post event
31
Duration of Phase 3:
Lasts 6-12 wks
32
Duration of Phase 4:
Self maintenance, periodic consults with PT
33
Skin changes in CVI:
Hemosiderin staining, lipodermatosis (fibrosis) of soft tissue, & venous stasis ulceration
34
Coagulation test results indicating no PT?
PT/INR >3
35
Doppler ultrasound:
Determines speed of blood flow through a vessel
36
D-Dimer:
Provides measurement of fibrin degredation (new clot OR clot breakdown)
37
Leads V1-V2:
Septum
38
Leads V3-V4:
Anterior left ventricle
39
Leads V5-V6:
Lateral left ventricle
40
Normal RP interval:
0.12 - 0.20
41
Normal QRS interval:
0.04-0.10
42
What is the P wave?
Atrial depolarization by SA node
43
What is te PR interval?
Delay of AV node firing as the ventricles fill
44
What is the QRS complex?
Depolarization of the ventricles; contraction
45
What is the ST segment?
Beginning of ventricular repolarization
46
What is the T wave?
Ventricular repolarization
47
Sinus Tachycardia:
Rhythm with a rate > 100 bpm
48
Sinus Bradychardia:
Rhythem with a rate < 60 bpm
49
Atrial Flutter
No true P waves seen; One ectopic focus in atria keeps depolarizing
50
Atrial Fibrillation
No true P waves seen; Multiple exotic foci in atria are depolarizing in an irregularly irregular rhythm
51
Junctional Rhythm
AV node becomes the pacemaker if the SA node fails; a very slow rate
52
Premature Ventricular Contraction
Impulse originates in one of the ventricles; wide QRS occurs; possible ischemia or caffeine/nerves
53
Ventricular Bigeminy
Pattern develops with every other beat being a PVC
54
Ventricular Tachycardia
Run of 3 or more PVCs - call for help IMMEDIATELY
55
Ventricular Fibrillation
Chaotic electrical activity from the ventricles; cardiac arrest
56
A-systole
Absence of electrical activity from the heart. Must be confirmed on 2 leads.
57
Mobitz 1
Progressive prolongation of PR interval until P wave without QRS, then back to normal.
58
Mobitz 2
P waves continually without QRS
59
Mobitz 3
No communication between atrial and ventricle
60
No exercise with _ Hgb?
Less than 8 g/dL (should be 12-18 g/dL) | 8-10 light, >10 to tolerance
61
No exercise with _ Hct?
Less than 25% (should be 37-52%) | >25% light, 30-32% to tolerance
62
No exercise with _ platelets?
Less than 20,000 (should be 150,000-400,000)
63
No exercise with _ WBC?
<5,000 mm3 with fever (should be 4,300-10,800)
64
Purpose of Na+
Involved in muscle contraction and fluid regulation
65
Purpose of K+
Neuromuscular functioning of skeletal and cardiac muscle
66
Purpose of Ca++
Bone strength, blood clotting, cell permeability, and neuromuscular function
67
Purpose of Mg++
Neuromuscular functioning and regulation of kidneys
68
Purpose of Cl-
Accompanies sodium to maintain osmotic pressure of blood

Cardiopulmonary (4 decks)

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