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Test 2 > Cardiac Disorders & Management > Flashcards

Cardiac Disorders & Management Flashcards

1
Q

according to the american heart association how many people die from heart disease?******

A

1 in 3 people die from CVD

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2
Q

what is CAD-coronary artery disease

A

narrow of lumen
thrombus formation
obstruction of blood flow to myocardium

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3
Q

Risk factors for CAD?

A 
high lips	smoking
HTN	DM
Obesity	Family Hx
Inactive Lifestyle
age	gender	race
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4
Q

what problems can CAD lead to

A

ischemia-not getting enough 02
angina
Mi

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5
Q

How is CAD diagnosed

A 
Health History	
physical exam
ECG
Stress Testing
Angiography
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6
Q

what is angina pectoris

A

chest pain caused by Myocardial ischemia

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7
Q

where does MI pain occur

A

chest neck arms and back

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8
Q

1 pain site of Angina Pain is

A

behind sternum

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9
Q

lack of 02 in tissue =

****

A

PAIN

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10
Q

STABLE ANGINA

A

patient can tell you what brings this on
typically relieved with rest
1 dose of nitro can take care of this

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11
Q

what is unstable angina

A

pain just fom standing-non excertional
-pain is more intense
nitro 2-3 doses
typically a thrombus formation

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12
Q

Pain that last more than 5 minutes or does not resolve with Nitro doses call

A

911

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13
Q

what is the main problem with angina

A

oxygen demand and 02 supple

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14
Q

Medical Management Angina

A

to decrease 02 demand of the myocardium and increase 02 supply

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15
Q

Nitro is used to ______

A

decrease 02 demand, decrease ischemia and pain by causing vasodialtion

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16
Q

Nitro may be taken how often

A

onset wait 5 minutes again and wait another 5 minutes

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17
Q

Side Effects of Nitro***

A

Headache, hypotension
tachycardia
flushing

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18
Q

1 Nursing Intervention Angina

A

stop all activities to reduce need for 02
reduce pain
semifowlers position

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19
Q

Unstable angina defined is

A

symptoms of ischemia w/o evidence of acute M on ECG or labs

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20
Q

ST elevation on ECG indicates

A

in 2 spots indicates significant damage to mycardium

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21
Q

non- St elevation

A

elevated cardiac markers w/o having definitive ECG evidence

22
Q

Mi is defined as_______—>__________—>_________
Important to know__________
________is essential

A

ischemia—>injury–>death of heart muscles
immediate recognition of symbols is essential
CPR is essential

23
Q

S & S of Mi

A
  • sudden and continued chest pain
  • SOB
  • diaphoresis
  • indegetion
  • Nausea
  • anixiety
  • cool pale clamy skin
24
Q

when a pt arrives w/ chest pain goal is to have chest pain within ____min.

A

10 minutes

25
Ck-MB Cardiac Labs elevates peaks dissapears
Cardiac Labs elevates in 1-3 hours peaks 24 dissapears 2-3 days
26
Triponin--Cardiac Labs elevates peaks dissapears
Cardiac Labs elevates 3-4 hours peaks 4-24 dissapears 1-3 weeks
27
myoglobin--Cardiac Labs elevates peaks dissapears
in 1-3 hours peaks in 4-24 normal w/ 24 hours
28
want to give streptokinase w/ hour many hours of symptoms of a MI
3 hours
29
decreased CO and inadequate tissue perfussion can lead to ______shock which has a _____mortality rate
cardiogenic shock | 50-75 % mortality rate
30
what is an intra-Arotic ballon pump
used to pump more efficiently | -inserted through demoral artery
31
IABP-how does this work
inflates during diastole forcing blood into the heart | deflates during systole allowing blood to flow out of the aorta
32
Goal of IABP
to improve oxygenation to myocardium and reduce ventricular workload
33
complications of IABP
decreased circulation to legs, left arm. and or balloon rupture
34
Stats for CA
rates remain unchanged for cardiac arrest more than 300,000 each year have them and more than 92% die
35
What is therapeutic Hypothermia? what is the goal? why this?
this is a method of forced body cooling -studies show this method decreases hospital deaths of sudden cardiac arrests by 12 percent Goal is to maintain the target temperature at 32-34 degrees C and to main it for 24 hours Rationale is while heart is cooled it has time to heal
36
what is a PCI
PCI is defined as a percutaneous interventions used to treat and/or diagnose diseases of the heart PTCA , angioplasty, ballon tipped catheter
37
What interventions need to be ddone before a PCI.
anti-clotting=before, during=after to keep thrombus from breaking off
38
What is a door to balloon time
door to balloon time is 90 minutes you want to restore flow to the heart within 90 minutes
39
PCI-Post OP Care
assess for back pain (retroperitoneal bleeding) ck pulses 15 minutes for the first two hours then every hour for the next 2 hours --keep HOB at less than 30 --leg straigh for 6-7 hours with restraints direct pressure for 15-30 minutes after removal of sheath
40
Stent Placement is known as " "
permanent scaffolding
41
Cardiac Cath is when
guidewire then sheath is insterted into fmoral artery and dye is injeted helps determine whether an intervention is needed
42
What is a coronary artery bypass Graft(CABG)
this is a huge sx aka open heart surgery - blood vessels are grafted distal to occluded artery bypassing the area of destruction - -saphenous vein or the Lima is commonly used
43
Post Op Care
these pt will be in PACU or ICU | manage pain, wound care, hemodynamic stability
44
Mitral Valve Prolapse | sound like
MVP is when the leaflets of the mitral valve do not work correctly causing a prolapse of the mitral valve into the left atrium - -soft intensity ptch may hear a click - --this is no regurgitation
45
Mitral sound what is this
is when the leaflets of teh left ventricle do not close and blood is backed into the atrium - heard best over the mitral area - -systolic murmur
46
Pericarditis what is it worse? better?
inflammation of pericardium from MI, virus, trauma, lupus worse when lying relieved when sitting up and leaning forard can progress to pericardial effusion and cardiac tamponade
47
What is Beck's Triad
``` 3 classic symptoms of pericadial effuson or cardiac tamponade increase in cerbral vascular pressure JVD muffled heart sounds pulsus paradoxous ```
48
what is infective endocarditis
an infectious process which leads to vegetation in the heart, usually the leaflets or the endocardium caused by strep or staph
49
Treatment for infective endocarditis is
antibiotics or valve repair
50
chordioplsty repairs
regugitation problems due to loose or torn chordae are repair to help tighten the closure
51
Sgns of Left Heart Failure
``` tacypnea Tachycardia cough bibasilar crackles s3 s4 increased in PA pressure hemoptysis cyanosis pulmonary edema ```
52
Right sided Heart failure
``` peripheral edema hepatomegaly splenomegaly hepatojugular reflex ascites JVD increased CVP pulmonary HTN ```

Test 2 (11 decks)

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