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Test 2 > Cardiac Disorders & Management > Flashcards

Cardiac Disorders & Management Flashcards

1
Q

according to the american heart association how many people die from heart disease?******

A

1 in 3 people die from CVD

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2
Q

what is CAD-coronary artery disease

A

narrow of lumen
thrombus formation
obstruction of blood flow to myocardium

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3
Q

Risk factors for CAD?

A 
high lips	smoking
HTN	DM
Obesity	Family Hx
Inactive Lifestyle
age	gender	race
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4
Q

what problems can CAD lead to

A

ischemia-not getting enough 02
angina
Mi

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5
Q

How is CAD diagnosed

A 
Health History	
physical exam
ECG
Stress Testing
Angiography
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6
Q

what is angina pectoris

A

chest pain caused by Myocardial ischemia

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7
Q

where does MI pain occur

A

chest neck arms and back

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8
Q

1 pain site of Angina Pain is

A

behind sternum

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9
Q

lack of 02 in tissue =

****

A

PAIN

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10
Q

STABLE ANGINA

A

patient can tell you what brings this on
typically relieved with rest
1 dose of nitro can take care of this

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11
Q

what is unstable angina

A

pain just fom standing-non excertional
-pain is more intense
nitro 2-3 doses
typically a thrombus formation

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12
Q

Pain that last more than 5 minutes or does not resolve with Nitro doses call

A

911

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13
Q

what is the main problem with angina

A

oxygen demand and 02 supple

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14
Q

Medical Management Angina

A

to decrease 02 demand of the myocardium and increase 02 supply

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15
Q

Nitro is used to ______

A

decrease 02 demand, decrease ischemia and pain by causing vasodialtion

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16
Q

Nitro may be taken how often

A

onset wait 5 minutes again and wait another 5 minutes

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17
Q

Side Effects of Nitro***

A

Headache, hypotension
tachycardia
flushing

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18
Q

1 Nursing Intervention Angina

A

stop all activities to reduce need for 02
reduce pain
semifowlers position

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19
Q

Unstable angina defined is

A

symptoms of ischemia w/o evidence of acute M on ECG or labs

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20
Q

ST elevation on ECG indicates

A

in 2 spots indicates significant damage to mycardium

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21
Q

non- St elevation

A

elevated cardiac markers w/o having definitive ECG evidence

22
Q

Mi is defined as_______—>__________—>_________
Important to know__________
________is essential

A

ischemia—>injury–>death of heart muscles
immediate recognition of symbols is essential
CPR is essential

23
Q

S & S of Mi

A
  • sudden and continued chest pain
  • SOB
  • diaphoresis
  • indegetion
  • Nausea
  • anixiety
  • cool pale clamy skin
24
Q

when a pt arrives w/ chest pain goal is to have chest pain within ____min.

A

10 minutes

25
Q

Ck-MB Cardiac Labs
elevates
peaks
dissapears

A

Cardiac Labs
elevates in 1-3 hours
peaks 24
dissapears 2-3 days

26
Q

Triponin–Cardiac Labs
elevates
peaks
dissapears

A

Cardiac Labs
elevates 3-4 hours
peaks 4-24
dissapears 1-3 weeks

27
Q

myoglobin–Cardiac Labs
elevates
peaks
dissapears

A

in 1-3 hours
peaks in 4-24
normal w/ 24 hours

28
Q

want to give streptokinase w/ hour many hours of symptoms of a MI

A

3 hours

29
Q

decreased CO and inadequate tissue perfussion can lead to ______shock which has a _____mortality rate

A

cardiogenic shock

50-75 % mortality rate

30
Q

what is an intra-Arotic ballon pump

A

used to pump more efficiently

-inserted through demoral artery

31
Q

IABP-how does this work

A

inflates during diastole forcing blood into the heart

deflates during systole allowing blood to flow out of the aorta

32
Q

Goal of IABP

A

to improve oxygenation to myocardium and reduce ventricular workload

33
Q

complications of IABP

A

decreased circulation to legs, left arm. and or balloon rupture

34
Q

Stats for CA

A

rates remain unchanged for cardiac arrest more than 300,000 each year have them and more than 92% die

35
Q

What is therapeutic Hypothermia?
what is the goal?
why this?

A

this is a method of forced body cooling
-studies show this method decreases hospital deaths of sudden cardiac arrests by 12 percent

Goal is to maintain the target temperature at 32-34 degrees C and to main it for 24 hours

Rationale is while heart is cooled it has time to heal

36
Q

what is a PCI

A

PCI is defined as a percutaneous interventions used to treat and/or diagnose diseases of the heart PTCA , angioplasty, ballon tipped catheter

37
Q

What interventions need to be ddone before a PCI.

A

anti-clotting=before, during=after to keep thrombus from breaking off

38
Q

What is a door to balloon time

A

door to balloon time is 90 minutes you want to restore flow to the heart within 90 minutes

39
Q

PCI-Post OP Care

A

assess for back pain (retroperitoneal bleeding)
ck pulses 15 minutes for the first two hours then every hour for the next 2 hours
–keep HOB at less than 30
–leg straigh for 6-7 hours with restraints
direct pressure for 15-30 minutes after removal of sheath

40
Q

Stent Placement is known as “ “

A

permanent scaffolding

41
Q

Cardiac Cath is when

A

guidewire then sheath is insterted into fmoral artery and dye is injeted helps determine whether an intervention is needed

42
Q

What is a coronary artery bypass Graft(CABG)

A

this is a huge sx aka open heart surgery

  • blood vessels are grafted distal to occluded artery bypassing the area of destruction
  • -saphenous vein or the Lima is commonly used
43
Q

Post Op Care

A

these pt will be in PACU or ICU

manage pain, wound care, hemodynamic stability

44
Q

Mitral Valve Prolapse

sound like

A

MVP is when the leaflets of the mitral valve do not work correctly causing a prolapse of the mitral valve into the left atrium

  • -soft intensity ptch may hear a click
  • –this is no regurgitation
45
Q

Mitral
sound
what is this

A

is when the leaflets of teh left ventricle do not close and blood is backed into the atrium

  • heard best over the mitral area
  • -systolic murmur
46
Q

Pericarditis
what is it
worse?
better?

A

inflammation of pericardium from MI, virus, trauma, lupus
worse when lying
relieved when sitting up and leaning forard
can progress to pericardial effusion and cardiac tamponade

47
Q

What is Beck’s Triad

A 
3 classic symptoms of pericadial effuson or cardiac tamponade
increase in cerbral vascular pressure
JVD
muffled heart sounds
pulsus paradoxous
48
Q

what is infective endocarditis

A

an infectious process which leads to vegetation in the heart, usually the leaflets or the endocardium

caused by strep or staph

49
Q

Treatment for infective endocarditis is

A

antibiotics or valve repair

50
Q

chordioplsty repairs

A

regugitation problems due to loose or torn chordae are repair to help tighten the closure

51
Q

Sgns of Left Heart Failure

A 
tacypnea
Tachycardia
cough
bibasilar crackles
s3 s4
increased in PA pressure
hemoptysis
cyanosis
pulmonary edema
52
Q

Right sided Heart failure

A 
peripheral edema
hepatomegaly
splenomegaly
hepatojugular reflex
ascites
JVD
increased CVP
pulmonary HTN

Test 2 (11 decks)

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