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Pathophysiology and Pharmacology > Cardiac definitions > Flashcards

Cardiac definitions Flashcards

1
Q

Beta blockers

A
  • Block adrenaline binding to Beta 1 alpha receptors.
  • Encourages Vaso dilatation reducing BP.
  • Cant control release of adrenaline but can block the reaction.
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2
Q

Afterload

A
  • Stress on the wall of the left ventricle during ejection
  • amount of resistance in arteries heart has to push against
  • vasodilators reduce afterload
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3
Q

Anaphylactic shock

A
  • extreme, life threatening reaction to an antigen

- body becomes hypertensive

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4
Q

ACE Inhibitors - Angiotensin Converting Enzyme

A
  • Block conversion of Angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 2
  • RAAS
  • Reduce vaso constriction
  • Vaso dilates to reduce BP
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5
Q

Chronotropes - Positive and Negative

A

Change heart rate and rhythm
Positive - Increases heart rate and rhythm
Negative - Decreases heart rate and rhythm

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6
Q

Cardiac Shock

A
  • Heart cant pump enough blood to meet body’s requirements
  • Decreased CO
  • Causes acute MI
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7
Q

Cardiac Temponade

A
  • Pressure on heart when fluid collects in the sacs of the heart
  • drops BP, SOB
  • heart cant function to full potential
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8
Q

Cardiac Output - CO

A

Amount of blood pumped by the heart per minute

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9
Q

Cardiac reserve

A

difference in rate of heart pumping blood and heart pumping blood at maximum capacity

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10
Q

Cardiac Failure

A
  • Heart doesn’t pump blood as well as it should

- Chronic condition

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11
Q

Cor Pulmonale

A
  • Alteration of structure and function of right ventricle

- leads to pulmonary hypertension

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12
Q

Crystalloids

A

Sodium chloride 0.9%

  • closest to bloods concentrate
  • given as fluids
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13
Q

Diuretics

A
  • Blocks kidney function to absorb sodium

- increases urine out put and sodium loss

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14
Q

Hypovolemic Shock

A
  • Loss of circulating blood volume

- can be due to serious bleed or fluid shift/ inflammation ie burns pt

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15
Q

Inotrope - Positive and negative

A

Alters force/energy of muscular contractions
Positive - increase
negative - decrease

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16
Q

Left sided heart failure

A
  • Blood backs up in the left atrium into the pulmonary veins from lungs
  • results in pulmonary congestion/ Pulmonary oedema
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17
Q

Neurogenic Shock

A

interruption of blood to autonomic nerve supply from CNC

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18
Q

Preload

A
  • disole pressure/ stretch

- blood in heart ready to be pumped into body

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19
Q

Pulmonary oedema

A

Pooling of blood in pulmonary veins or lungs

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20
Q

Peripheral Vascular Disease

PVD

A

narrowing of blood vessels reducing blood supply to limbs

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21
Q

Right sided heart failure

A
  • Backs up through right atrium
  • doesn’t pump properly to lungs
  • cases peripheral oedema
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22
Q

Septic Shock

A

infection causing organ failure

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23
Q

Vasoactive drugs

A
  • increases vaso constriction
  • adrenaline
  • inotrope positive
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24
Q

Aneurysm

A
  • swelling and bulging of artery

- has potential to erupt making it life threatening

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25
Q

Angina

A
  • vessel stenosis/narrowing causing inadequate oxygenated blood supply to the heart
  • Causes pain in chest
26
Q

Angiography/Angiogram

A
  • view blood vessels by injecting radiopaque substance

- x-ray blood vessels, visible due to opaque substance

27
Q

Angioplasty

A
  • AKA stent

- inserted into artery or vein to widen

28
Q

Arrhythmia

A

irregular or abnormal or nil heart beat/rhythm

29
Q

Atherosclerosis

A
  • disease of arteries

- build up of plaque and fatty deposits narrowing arteries reducing blood supply

30
Q

Cardiomyopathy

A
  • chronic disease of heart muscles
  • muscle either thickens, becomes thin or rigid
  • makes heart weak
31
Q

coronary

A

arteries which supply and surround the heart

32
Q

Diaphoresis/diaphoretic

A
  • perspiration/ sweating

- increases sweating

33
Q

Distolic

A
  • bottom number of bloody pressure reading

- pressure of arteries when heart at rest

34
Q

Echocardiogram

A

views action of heart under ultrasound waves

35
Q

Electrocardiogram ECG

A

records heart beat waves

36
Q

Hematogenous

A

carrying through blood

37
Q

Hypotension

A

low blood pressure

38
Q

Hypertension

A

high blood pressure

39
Q

Infarction

A
  • obstruction of blood supply to organ or tissue

- can cause narcosis

40
Q

Ischaemia

A
  • inadequate blood supply

- shortage of oxygen

41
Q

Myocardial/Myocardium

A

muscular tissue of heart

42
Q

Pericarditis

A

inflammation of pericardium

43
Q

Systolic

A
  • top number of bp reading

- blood pressure when heart is contracting

44
Q

Tachycardia

A

Rapid heart rate

45
Q

Bradycardia

A

low heart rate

46
Q

Vaso constriction

A
  • constriction of blood vessels

- increases blood pressure

47
Q

Vaso dilation

A
  • dilates blood vessels

- decreases BP

48
Q

vaso spasm

A
  • sudden constriction of blood vessels

- reduces flow rate

49
Q

Endocarditis

A

Inflammation of the inside lining of heart chambers and valves - endocardium

50
Q

Heart chambers

A

Right Atrium - receives deoxygenated bloody from body
Right ventricle - from right atrium, pushes blood through pulmonary arteries to lungs
Left atrium - receives oxygenated blood from lungs through pulmonary veins
Left ventricle - receives blood from left atrium and pushes oxygenated blood into aorta then out into the body

51
Q

Inferior Vena Cava

A

Deoxygenated blood from legs and abdomen go through inferior vena cava into the right atrium

52
Q

Superior Vena Cava

A

Deoxygenated blood from brain and upper body go through superior vena cava into the right atrium

53
Q

Pulmonary artery

A

Carry’s deoxygenated blood from right ventricle to lungs

54
Q

Pulmonary Vein

A

Carry’s oxygenated blood from lungs to left Atrium

55
Q

Aorta

A

Carry’s oxygenated blood from left ventricle into the body

56
Q

STEMI

A

ST elevation MI

Shows on ECG

57
Q

non STEMI

A

no ST elevation MI

Doesn’t show on ECG but will in blood test

58
Q

Thrombolytics

A

Breaks down clots/thromboli

59
Q

Sympathatic SNS

Sympathatic Nervous System

A

Fight + Flight

Adrenaline > Inotrote increases force of contraction + chronotrope increases heart rate

60
Q

Parasympathetic

A

Rest + Digest
Heart slows to focus on digestive system
vaso peripheral dilation

Pathophysiology and Pharmacology (2 decks)

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