Cardiac definitions Flashcards
Beta blockers
- Block adrenaline binding to Beta 1 alpha receptors.
- Encourages Vaso dilatation reducing BP.
- Cant control release of adrenaline but can block the reaction.
Afterload
- Stress on the wall of the left ventricle during ejection
- amount of resistance in arteries heart has to push against
- vasodilators reduce afterload
Anaphylactic shock
- extreme, life threatening reaction to an antigen
- body becomes hypertensive
ACE Inhibitors - Angiotensin Converting Enzyme
- Block conversion of Angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 2
- RAAS
- Reduce vaso constriction
- Vaso dilates to reduce BP
Chronotropes - Positive and Negative
Change heart rate and rhythm
Positive - Increases heart rate and rhythm
Negative - Decreases heart rate and rhythm
Cardiac Shock
- Heart cant pump enough blood to meet body’s requirements
- Decreased CO
- Causes acute MI
Cardiac Temponade
- Pressure on heart when fluid collects in the sacs of the heart
- drops BP, SOB
- heart cant function to full potential
Cardiac Output - CO
Amount of blood pumped by the heart per minute
Cardiac reserve
difference in rate of heart pumping blood and heart pumping blood at maximum capacity
Cardiac Failure
- Heart doesn’t pump blood as well as it should
- Chronic condition
Cor Pulmonale
- Alteration of structure and function of right ventricle
- leads to pulmonary hypertension
Crystalloids
Sodium chloride 0.9%
- closest to bloods concentrate
- given as fluids
Diuretics
- Blocks kidney function to absorb sodium
- increases urine out put and sodium loss
Hypovolemic Shock
- Loss of circulating blood volume
- can be due to serious bleed or fluid shift/ inflammation ie burns pt
Inotrope - Positive and negative
Alters force/energy of muscular contractions
Positive - increase
negative - decrease
Left sided heart failure
- Blood backs up in the left atrium into the pulmonary veins from lungs
- results in pulmonary congestion/ Pulmonary oedema
Neurogenic Shock
interruption of blood to autonomic nerve supply from CNC
Preload
- disole pressure/ stretch
- blood in heart ready to be pumped into body
Pulmonary oedema
Pooling of blood in pulmonary veins or lungs
Peripheral Vascular Disease
PVD
narrowing of blood vessels reducing blood supply to limbs
Right sided heart failure
- Backs up through right atrium
- doesn’t pump properly to lungs
- cases peripheral oedema
Septic Shock
infection causing organ failure
Vasoactive drugs
- increases vaso constriction
- adrenaline
- inotrope positive
Aneurysm
- swelling and bulging of artery
- has potential to erupt making it life threatening
Angina
- vessel stenosis/narrowing causing inadequate oxygenated blood supply to the heart
- Causes pain in chest
Angiography/Angiogram
- view blood vessels by injecting radiopaque substance
- x-ray blood vessels, visible due to opaque substance
Angioplasty
- AKA stent
- inserted into artery or vein to widen
Arrhythmia
irregular or abnormal or nil heart beat/rhythm
Atherosclerosis
- disease of arteries
- build up of plaque and fatty deposits narrowing arteries reducing blood supply
Cardiomyopathy
- chronic disease of heart muscles
- muscle either thickens, becomes thin or rigid
- makes heart weak
coronary
arteries which supply and surround the heart
Diaphoresis/diaphoretic
- perspiration/ sweating
- increases sweating
Distolic
- bottom number of bloody pressure reading
- pressure of arteries when heart at rest
Echocardiogram
views action of heart under ultrasound waves
Electrocardiogram ECG
records heart beat waves
Hematogenous
carrying through blood
Hypotension
low blood pressure
Hypertension
high blood pressure
Infarction
- obstruction of blood supply to organ or tissue
- can cause narcosis
Ischaemia
- inadequate blood supply
- shortage of oxygen
Myocardial/Myocardium
muscular tissue of heart
Pericarditis
inflammation of pericardium
Systolic
- top number of bp reading
- blood pressure when heart is contracting
Tachycardia
Rapid heart rate
Bradycardia
low heart rate
Vaso constriction
- constriction of blood vessels
- increases blood pressure
Vaso dilation
- dilates blood vessels
- decreases BP
vaso spasm
- sudden constriction of blood vessels
- reduces flow rate
Endocarditis
Inflammation of the inside lining of heart chambers and valves - endocardium
Heart chambers
Right Atrium - receives deoxygenated bloody from body
Right ventricle - from right atrium, pushes blood through pulmonary arteries to lungs
Left atrium - receives oxygenated blood from lungs through pulmonary veins
Left ventricle - receives blood from left atrium and pushes oxygenated blood into aorta then out into the body
Inferior Vena Cava
Deoxygenated blood from legs and abdomen go through inferior vena cava into the right atrium
Superior Vena Cava
Deoxygenated blood from brain and upper body go through superior vena cava into the right atrium
Pulmonary artery
Carry’s deoxygenated blood from right ventricle to lungs
Pulmonary Vein
Carry’s oxygenated blood from lungs to left Atrium
Aorta
Carry’s oxygenated blood from left ventricle into the body
STEMI
ST elevation MI
Shows on ECG
non STEMI
no ST elevation MI
Doesn’t show on ECG but will in blood test
Thrombolytics
Breaks down clots/thromboli
Sympathatic SNS
Sympathatic Nervous System
Fight + Flight
Adrenaline > Inotrote increases force of contraction + chronotrope increases heart rate
Parasympathetic
Rest + Digest
Heart slows to focus on digestive system
vaso peripheral dilation
