- Block adrenaline binding to Beta 1 alpha receptors. - Encourages Vaso dilatation reducing BP. - Cant control release of adrenaline but can block the reaction.

- Stress on the wall of the left ventricle during ejection - amount of resistance in arteries heart has to push against - vasodilators reduce afterload

- extreme, life threatening reaction to an antigen - body becomes hypertensive

- Heart cant pump enough blood to meet body's requirements - Decreased CO - Causes acute MI

- Pressure on heart when fluid collects in the sacs of the heart - drops BP, SOB - heart cant function to full potential

- Heart doesn't pump blood as well as it should - Chronic condition

- Alteration of structure and function of right ventricle - leads to pulmonary hypertension

Sodium chloride 0.9% - closest to bloods concentrate - given as fluids

- Blocks kidney function to absorb sodium - increases urine out put and sodium loss

- Loss of circulating blood volume - can be due to serious bleed or fluid shift/ inflammation ie burns pt

- disole pressure/ stretch - blood in heart ready to be pumped into body

- increases vaso constriction - adrenaline - inotrope positive

- swelling and bulging of artery - has potential to erupt making it life threatening

Cardiac definitions Flashcards by Leisha Young

Beta blockers

Block adrenaline binding to Beta 1 alpha receptors.
Encourages Vaso dilatation reducing BP.
Cant control release of adrenaline but can block the reaction.

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Afterload

Stress on the wall of the left ventricle during ejection
amount of resistance in arteries heart has to push against
vasodilators reduce afterload

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Anaphylactic shock

extreme, life threatening reaction to an antigen

- body becomes hypertensive

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ACE Inhibitors - Angiotensin Converting Enzyme

Block conversion of Angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 2
RAAS
Reduce vaso constriction
Vaso dilates to reduce BP

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Chronotropes - Positive and Negative

Change heart rate and rhythm
Positive - Increases heart rate and rhythm
Negative - Decreases heart rate and rhythm

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Cardiac Shock

Heart cant pump enough blood to meet body’s requirements
Decreased CO
Causes acute MI

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Cardiac Temponade

Pressure on heart when fluid collects in the sacs of the heart
drops BP, SOB
heart cant function to full potential

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Cardiac Output - CO

Amount of blood pumped by the heart per minute

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Cardiac reserve

difference in rate of heart pumping blood and heart pumping blood at maximum capacity

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Cardiac Failure

Heart doesn’t pump blood as well as it should

- Chronic condition

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Cor Pulmonale

Alteration of structure and function of right ventricle

- leads to pulmonary hypertension

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Crystalloids

Sodium chloride 0.9%

closest to bloods concentrate
given as fluids

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Diuretics

Blocks kidney function to absorb sodium

- increases urine out put and sodium loss

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Hypovolemic Shock

Loss of circulating blood volume

- can be due to serious bleed or fluid shift/ inflammation ie burns pt

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Inotrope - Positive and negative

Alters force/energy of muscular contractions
Positive - increase
negative - decrease

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Left sided heart failure

Blood backs up in the left atrium into the pulmonary veins from lungs
results in pulmonary congestion/ Pulmonary oedema

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Neurogenic Shock

interruption of blood to autonomic nerve supply from CNC

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Preload

disole pressure/ stretch

- blood in heart ready to be pumped into body

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Pulmonary oedema

Pooling of blood in pulmonary veins or lungs

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Peripheral Vascular Disease

PVD

narrowing of blood vessels reducing blood supply to limbs

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Right sided heart failure

Backs up through right atrium
doesn’t pump properly to lungs
cases peripheral oedema

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Septic Shock

infection causing organ failure

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Vasoactive drugs

increases vaso constriction
adrenaline
inotrope positive

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Aneurysm

swelling and bulging of artery

- has potential to erupt making it life threatening

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Angina

- vessel stenosis/narrowing causing inadequate oxygenated blood supply to the heart - Causes pain in chest

Angiography/Angiogram

- view blood vessels by injecting radiopaque substance | - x-ray blood vessels, visible due to opaque substance

Angioplasty

- AKA stent | - inserted into artery or vein to widen

Arrhythmia

irregular or abnormal or nil heart beat/rhythm

Atherosclerosis

- disease of arteries | - build up of plaque and fatty deposits narrowing arteries reducing blood supply

Cardiomyopathy

- chronic disease of heart muscles - muscle either thickens, becomes thin or rigid - makes heart weak

coronary

arteries which supply and surround the heart

Diaphoresis/diaphoretic

- perspiration/ sweating | - increases sweating

Distolic

- bottom number of bloody pressure reading | - pressure of arteries when heart at rest

Echocardiogram

views action of heart under ultrasound waves

Electrocardiogram ECG

records heart beat waves

Hematogenous

carrying through blood

Hypotension

low blood pressure

Hypertension

high blood pressure

Infarction

- obstruction of blood supply to organ or tissue | - can cause narcosis

Ischaemia

- inadequate blood supply | - shortage of oxygen

Myocardial/Myocardium

muscular tissue of heart

Pericarditis

inflammation of pericardium

Systolic

- top number of bp reading | - blood pressure when heart is contracting

Tachycardia

Rapid heart rate

Bradycardia

low heart rate

Vaso constriction

- constriction of blood vessels | - increases blood pressure

Vaso dilation

- dilates blood vessels | - decreases BP

vaso spasm

- sudden constriction of blood vessels | - reduces flow rate

Endocarditis

Inflammation of the inside lining of heart chambers and valves - endocardium

Heart chambers

Right Atrium - receives deoxygenated bloody from body Right ventricle - from right atrium, pushes blood through pulmonary arteries to lungs Left atrium - receives oxygenated blood from lungs through pulmonary veins Left ventricle - receives blood from left atrium and pushes oxygenated blood into aorta then out into the body

Inferior Vena Cava

Deoxygenated blood from legs and abdomen go through inferior vena cava into the right atrium

Superior Vena Cava

Deoxygenated blood from brain and upper body go through superior vena cava into the right atrium

Pulmonary artery

Carry's deoxygenated blood from right ventricle to lungs

Pulmonary Vein

Carry's oxygenated blood from lungs to left Atrium

Aorta

Carry's oxygenated blood from left ventricle into the body

STEMI

ST elevation MI | Shows on ECG

non STEMI

no ST elevation MI | Doesn't show on ECG but will in blood test

Thrombolytics

Breaks down clots/thromboli

Sympathatic SNS | Sympathatic Nervous System

Fight + Flight | Adrenaline > Inotrote increases force of contraction + chronotrope increases heart rate

Parasympathetic

Rest + Digest Heart slows to focus on digestive system vaso peripheral dilation

Cardiac definitions Flashcards

(60 cards)