Cardiac Cycle

Question 1

Ventricular mechanical work

Answer 1

SV X MAP

Question 2

Two components of the ejection period

Answer 2

Rapid Ejection

• 70%

Reduced Ejection

• 30%

Question 3

Three components of the filling period

Answer 3

• Rapid filling
  
  • ​75-80%
• Diastasis
  
  • ​Minimal ventricular filling occurs
• Atrial Systole
  
  • ​15-20%

Question 4

Characteristics of S1

Answer 4

Low frequency

Low pitch

Question 5

Characteristics of S2

Answer 5

Sharp high pitch

High frequency

Question 6

Inspiration occurs with _______ thoracic pressure.

Answer 6

Negative

Question 7

A negative thoracic pressure favors:

Answer 7

1. An increase in venous return and larger end-diastolic volume in the right ventricle
2. Increased capacity of the pulmonary vascular beds

Question 8

During inspiration, which valve closes first? What about during expiration?

Answer 8

Aortic; Pulmonary

Question 9

Characteristic of S3

Answer 9

Low frequency

Low intensity

Question 10

_____________ is the main factor responsible for murmurs and it occurs when blood velocity becomes critically hig due to narrowing, increased flow or a combination of both.

Answer 10

Turbulence

Question 11

List which valves are defective in each murmur type

Answer 11

• Mid systolic
  
  • ​Seminlunar (stenotic)
• Systolic regurgitant murmurs
  
  • ​AV valves
• Diastolic filling murmurs (rumbles)
  
  • ​AV valves (stenotic)
• Diastolic regurgitant murmurs
  
  • ​Semilunar

Question 12

What is classic example of a continuous murmur?

Answer 12

Murmur of the patent ductus arteriosus

*Peak intensity of murmur is at S2