Cardiac Congenital Defects Flashcards
What maternal conditIons should a pre-natal echo be performed?
diabetes, collagen vascular dx, drug or teratogen exposure in 1st trimester, in utero infection (TORCH)
What family conditions should a pre-natal echo be performed?
hx of congenital heart dx/ genetic anomalies
How likely is it for a women to have another baby with CHD?
5-10%
What is the flow of fetal circulation?
from the placenta to the ductus venosus to the IVC into the right atrium through the foramen ovale. To the left atrium-> left ventricle-> aorta.
In in the right ventricle to the ductus arterious to the descending aorta -> placenta
What changes occur after birth?
decreased PVR
Increased SVR
Left side becomes dominant
What hole is the first to close?
Foramen ovale (1st hr)
How long does it take the ductus arteriosus to close?
10-15 hrs in term infant and fully in 2-3wks
Changes after birth occur for how long?
6-8wks
Ayanotic diseases?
ASD, VSD, PDA, Coarctation of Aorta
Cyanotic diseases?
Tetrology of Fallot, TGA, HLHS
Diseases that causes increased pulmonary blood flow?
ASD, VSD, PDA
Diseases that causes obstruction of blood flow?
Coarctation of Aorta
Diseases that causes decreased pulmonary blood flow?
Tertrology of Fallot
Diseases that cause mixed blood flow?
TGA and HLHS
What are 5 symptoms of Acyanotic congenital defects?
Fatigue Murmur Risk of Endocarditis CHF Growth Retardation
What is ASD?
a hole in the heart between the atria’s
Which shunt is seen in ASD?
L->R
Which arrhythmia’s is seen in ASD?
A fib and A flutter
In ASD which dysfunction can result over time?
RV
What is the difference between ASD and PFO?
PFO is normal in utero and closes within the first few hours of life. ASD is failure of the septal tissue to form, a greater risk of blood clots
What percentage of children with CHD have ASD?
30-50% F:M 2:1
How is ASD diagnosed?
widely split and fixed S2
What is seen on CXR for ASD?
often normal, cardiomegaly
What is seen on EKG for ASD?
RVH, RAD
What are the signs/symptoms of ASD?
usually asymptomatic-unless untreated
Dyspnea on exertion
child Heart failure is rare
What does HOLES stand for in ASD?
H-heart failure & lung HTN O-often experience lung infections L-low growth rate E- extra heart sound S- stroke