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CLASP: Sudden Death > Cardiac Conditions > Flashcards

Cardiac Conditions Flashcards

1
Q

Give some examples of channelopathies that affect the heart

A

Congenital long QT syndrome

Brugada syndrome

Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia

Short QT syndrome

Progressive familial conduction disease

Familial AF

Familial WPW syndrome

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2
Q

After depolarisations affect which phases of the cardiac action potential?

A

2, 3 or 4

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3
Q

Early after depolarisations can trigger what?

A

Torsades de Pointes

Long QT syndrome

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4
Q

What occurs in congenital long QT syndrome?

A

There is a polymorphic VT caused by adrenergic stimulation

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5
Q

Isolated long QT syndrome is known as what?

A

Romano-Ward syndrome

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6
Q

LQTS associated with deafness is known as what?

A

Jervell-Lange-Nielsen syndrome

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7
Q

What criteria is used to diagnose long QT syndrome?

A

QTc >480ms in repeated ECGs

LQTS risk score >3

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8
Q

How long is the QT interval in short QT syndrome?

A

<300ms

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9
Q

What is the prognosis for a patient with short QT syndrome?

A

Poor - young children who tend to die early

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10
Q

Give some examples of triggers of Brugada syndrome

A

Fever

Excessive alcohol

Large meals

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11
Q

How is Brugada syndrome managed?

A

Avoiding ST elevating drugs/large meals/excessive alcohol

ICD implantation

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12
Q

Catecholaminergic polymorphic VT patients have a mutation in which receptor?

A

Ryanodine

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13
Q

How is CPVT managed?

A

Defibrillations under general anaesthestic

Beta blockers

Flecainide

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14
Q

What occurs in Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome?

A

Short PR interval due to accessory pathway between atria and ventricles

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15
Q

How does WPW syndrome present on ECG?

A

Short PR interval

Delta waves

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16
Q

What is the treatment for WPW syndrome?

A

Ablation of accessory pathway

17
Q

In hypertrophic cardiomyopathy there is a mutation in which gene?

A

Sarcomeric

18
Q

How may patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy present?

A

Sudden death

Heart failure

Atrial fibrillation

19
Q

What treatment should be offered for patients with high risk hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?

20
Q

What occurs in dilated cardiomyopathy?

A

Grossly dilated left ventricle

21
Q

What occurs in arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy?

A

Fibro-fatty replacements of cardiomyocytes

22
Q

How is arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy treated?

A

Beta blockers

ICD

23
Q

Give some complications of ICDs

A

Endocarditis

Perforation

Haemothorax

Pneumothorax

1% mortality rate

CLASP: Sudden Death (5 decks)

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