Cardiac Conditions Flashcards
Diastolic dysfunction
Normal ejection fraction but impaired diastolic ventricular relaxation
Decreased ventricular filling causing decreased preload, SV and CO
Causes of diastolic dysfunction
Pericardial effusion
Constrictive pericarditis
HOCM
Hypertrophy
Aging
Ischemic heart disease
Systolic dysfunction
Decreased myocardial contractility characterized by decreased ejection fraction and cardiac output
Causes of systolic dysfunction
Ischemic heart disease
Cardiomyopathy
Valvular insufficiency
Anemia
HTN
Valvular stenosis
3 factors contributing to pericardial effusion symptoms:
1) volume of fluid in pericardial cavity
2) rate at which fluid accumulates
3) compliance characteristics of pericardium
Characteristics of cardiac tamponade
Becks triad
1) muffled heart sounds
2) hypotension
3) JVD
Type 1 MI
Spontaneous MI
Caused my ischemia die to primary coronary event (plaque rupture, erosion, fissuring or coronary dissection)
Type 2 MI
Ischemia due to increased O2 demand or decreased blood supply.
Type 3 MI
Related to sudden unexpected cardiac death
Type 4 MI
A) associated with percutaneous coronary intervention
B) associated with documented stent thrombosis
Type 5 MI
Associated with CABG
Transmural infarction
Full thickness of ventricle wall and often occurs during a single artery obstruction.
Subdenocardial infarction
Includes inner 1/3 to 1/2 and follows irreversible cell injury depressing overall LV function
Consequences of nitro in right ventricle failure:
Increases after load
Leads to RV dilation and loss of stroke volume
What is S1 heart sound?
The beginning of ventricular contraction (systole) when tricuspid and mitral valves close.
