Cardiac Arrhythmias

Question 1

how do you determine the average heart rate

Answer 1

1. determine paper speed
2. determine 3 s interval
3. count complexes x 20

Question 2

normal dog HR

Answer 2

60-160

Question 3

normal cat HR

Answer 3

140-220

Question 4

tachycardia in a dog and cat HR levels

Answer 4

dog: >160
cat: >220

Question 5

bradycardia in a dog and cat HR levels

Answer 5

dog: <60
cat: <140

Question 6

causes for wide QRS

Answer 6

• ventricular origin
• supraventricular origin with abnormal conduction

Question 7

if a P wave is positive in the 2, 3, aVF (inferior leads), where is it originating from?

Answer 7

sinus

Question 8

if a P wave is negative in the 2, 3, aVF leads (retrograde) where is it originating from?

Answer 8

AV nodal/junctional

Question 9

if a P wave is originating from the atria, what configuration will it have?

Answer 9

can have any configuration, but will be different from sinus P wave

Question 10

P’ (P prime) wave

Answer 10

P wave not originating from SA node
AV junction origin: retrograde P wave
atrial origin: different from sinus P wave

Question 11

what is an F wave

Answer 11

atrial flutter (saw tooth pattern)

Question 12

f wave

Answer 12

atrial fibrillation

Question 13

P & QRS coupling

Answer 13

• associated vs not associated

Question 14

P wave position

Answer 14

• normally in front of QRS
• behind QRS
• hidden within QRS or T waves: could be lack of P waves, or they are hidden