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gcse Pe 2 > Cardiac And Respiratory System > Flashcards

Cardiac And Respiratory System Flashcards

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1
Q

Function of trachea

A

Carries air from the mouth and nose the lungs

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2
Q

Lungs

A

Pair of large spongy organs used for gas exchange

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3
Q

Bronchials

A

Carry air from the bronchi to the alveoli

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4
Q

Alveoli

A

Tiny air sacs that allow gases exchange

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5
Q

Bronchi

A

Carry air from trachea into the lungs

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6
Q

Diaphragm

A

Muscle sheet such as the sternocleidomastoid Control size of the chest and lungs

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7
Q

Gassiest exchange

A

During gas exchange oxygen moves from the lungs to the bloodstream at the same time carbon dioxide passes from the blood to the lungs. This happens in the lungs between the alveoli and the network of tiny blood vessels called capillaries which are located in the walls of the alveoli. Due to the high pressure the oxygen moves into low pressure. The high concentration of CO2 occurs with pressure.

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8
Q

Oxygen plus red blood cells

A

Haemoglobin turns into Oxy haemoglobin

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9
Q

Inspiration

A

Intake of air into the lungs which is brought on by an increase in the chest cavity

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10
Q

Expiration

A

Expulsion of air from the lungs though reduce the volume of the chest cavity

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11
Q

Lung volume

A

The capacity of lungs/the air they can hold. The greater the volume the more air.

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12
Q

Tidal volume

A

Intake of each normal breath. The amount of air been inspired or expired in a normal breath at a normal rate

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13
Q

Inspiratory reserve volume

A

The extra amount of air that can be forcibly breathed in in addition to tidal volume

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14
Q

Residual volume

A

The amount of air that always remains in the lungs even after forced maximal exhalation/never changes

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15
Q

Expiratory reserve volume

A

The additional amount of air that can be forcibly breathed out in addition to tile volume

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16
Q

What happens to your title volume during exercise

A

When exercising your tidal volume increases and your inspiratory reserve volume become smaller as no space for lung capacity to take in.

17
Q

Diastole

A

Relaxation phase where the heart ventricles relax and the heart fills with blood. 80/lower blood pressure

18
Q

Systole

A

Contraction phase/ventricles contract. 120/higher blood pressure

19
Q

Artery definition

A

Carries blood away from the heart/oxygenated blood

20
Q

Vein definition

A

Carries blood to the heart from the body/deoxygenated

21
Q

Capillaries definition

A

Allows diffusion of gases and nutrients

22
Q

Features of an artery

A

Thick muscular small lumen wall
To a standard blood flow at a high pressure

23
Q

Features of a vein

A

Thinner large lumen wall
Contains valves to prevent the back flow of blood

24
Q

Features of a capillary

A

Very thin one cell thick lumen wall. This allows blood to pass through one cell at a time
Walls are semipermeable membrane to allow transport of gases and nutrients

25
Q

Blood shunting

A

Body automatically takes blood away from the digestive system and other organs and directs to the working muscles in need of oxygen

26
Q

How to get rid of waste products of lactic acid and CO2

A

Stretch cooling down drinking water

27
Q

Anaerobic exercise

A

Exercise without oxygen provide an action that needs to be repaid with oxygen EPOC80-90% heart rate

28
Q

Aerobic

A

Exercise which uses oxygen 60-80%

29
Q

EPOC

A

post exercise oxygen debt
During strenuous exercise the body works anaerobically and produces waste products of lactic acid. Once a performer has finished exercise they still breathe heavily to repay the oxygen back to the body.

30
Q

Short-term effects of exercise

A

Heart rate increases
Increase in breathing rate/tidal volume/ stroke volume
Body temperature increase
Increase in cardiac output

31
Q

Vasodilation

A

Enlargement of capillaries/more blood flow/relaxation of capillary walls/heat loss across epidermis

32
Q

Vasco constriction

A

Contraction of blood vessels/reducing blood flow at rest when it’s cold

33
Q

Bradycardia

A

Lowering resting heart rate due to long-term exercise

34
Q

Hyper trophy

A

Increase in muscle size is a long-term exercise

35
Q

Order of inspiration and expiration

A

Nose/mouth
Trachea
Bronchi
Bronchioles
Alveoli

36
Q

Cardiac output

A

Quantity of blood pumped by the heart in a given period of time typically measured in litres per minute

37
Q

Calculation of the cardiac output

A

Cardiac output equals heart rate times by stroke volume
Q=HRxSV

38
Q

Long term affects of exercise

A

Capillarisation of the lungs and muscles
Decrease in resting heart rate
Muscle hyper trophy

gcse Pe 2 (4 decks)

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