Cardiac And Respiratory System Flashcards
Function of trachea
Carries air from the mouth and nose the lungs
Lungs
Pair of large spongy organs used for gas exchange
Bronchials
Carry air from the bronchi to the alveoli
Alveoli
Tiny air sacs that allow gases exchange
Bronchi
Carry air from trachea into the lungs
Diaphragm
Muscle sheet such as the sternocleidomastoid Control size of the chest and lungs
Gassiest exchange
During gas exchange oxygen moves from the lungs to the bloodstream at the same time carbon dioxide passes from the blood to the lungs. This happens in the lungs between the alveoli and the network of tiny blood vessels called capillaries which are located in the walls of the alveoli. Due to the high pressure the oxygen moves into low pressure. The high concentration of CO2 occurs with pressure.
Oxygen plus red blood cells
Haemoglobin turns into Oxy haemoglobin
Inspiration
Intake of air into the lungs which is brought on by an increase in the chest cavity
Expiration
Expulsion of air from the lungs though reduce the volume of the chest cavity
Lung volume
The capacity of lungs/the air they can hold. The greater the volume the more air.
Tidal volume
Intake of each normal breath. The amount of air been inspired or expired in a normal breath at a normal rate
Inspiratory reserve volume
The extra amount of air that can be forcibly breathed in in addition to tidal volume
Residual volume
The amount of air that always remains in the lungs even after forced maximal exhalation/never changes
Expiratory reserve volume
The additional amount of air that can be forcibly breathed out in addition to tile volume
What happens to your title volume during exercise
When exercising your tidal volume increases and your inspiratory reserve volume become smaller as no space for lung capacity to take in.
Diastole
Relaxation phase where the heart ventricles relax and the heart fills with blood. 80/lower blood pressure
Systole
Contraction phase/ventricles contract. 120/higher blood pressure
Artery definition
Carries blood away from the heart/oxygenated blood
Vein definition
Carries blood to the heart from the body/deoxygenated
Capillaries definition
Allows diffusion of gases and nutrients
Features of an artery
Thick muscular small lumen wall
To a standard blood flow at a high pressure
Features of a vein
Thinner large lumen wall
Contains valves to prevent the back flow of blood
Features of a capillary
Very thin one cell thick lumen wall. This allows blood to pass through one cell at a time
Walls are semipermeable membrane to allow transport of gases and nutrients
Blood shunting
Body automatically takes blood away from the digestive system and other organs and directs to the working muscles in need of oxygen
How to get rid of waste products of lactic acid and CO2
Stretch cooling down drinking water
Anaerobic exercise
Exercise without oxygen provide an action that needs to be repaid with oxygen EPOC80-90% heart rate
Aerobic
Exercise which uses oxygen 60-80%
EPOC
post exercise oxygen debt
During strenuous exercise the body works anaerobically and produces waste products of lactic acid. Once a performer has finished exercise they still breathe heavily to repay the oxygen back to the body.
Short-term effects of exercise
Heart rate increases
Increase in breathing rate/tidal volume/ stroke volume
Body temperature increase
Increase in cardiac output
Vasodilation
Enlargement of capillaries/more blood flow/relaxation of capillary walls/heat loss across epidermis
Vasco constriction
Contraction of blood vessels/reducing blood flow at rest when it’s cold
Bradycardia
Lowering resting heart rate due to long-term exercise
Hyper trophy
Increase in muscle size is a long-term exercise
Order of inspiration and expiration
Nose/mouth
Trachea
Bronchi
Bronchioles
Alveoli
Cardiac output
Quantity of blood pumped by the heart in a given period of time typically measured in litres per minute
Calculation of the cardiac output
Cardiac output equals heart rate times by stroke volume
Q=HRxSV
Long term affects of exercise
Capillarisation of the lungs and muscles
Decrease in resting heart rate
Muscle hyper trophy
