Cardiac And Respiratory System

Question 1

Function of trachea

Answer 1

Carries air from the mouth and nose the lungs

Question 2

Lungs

Answer 2

Pair of large spongy organs used for gas exchange

Question 3

Bronchials

Answer 3

Carry air from the bronchi to the alveoli

Question 4

Alveoli

Answer 4

Tiny air sacs that allow gases exchange

Question 5

Bronchi

Answer 5

Carry air from trachea into the lungs

Question 6

Diaphragm

Answer 6

Muscle sheet such as the sternocleidomastoid Control size of the chest and lungs

Question 7

Gassiest exchange

Answer 7

During gas exchange oxygen moves from the lungs to the bloodstream at the same time carbon dioxide passes from the blood to the lungs. This happens in the lungs between the alveoli and the network of tiny blood vessels called capillaries which are located in the walls of the alveoli. Due to the high pressure the oxygen moves into low pressure. The high concentration of CO2 occurs with pressure.

Question 8

Oxygen plus red blood cells

Answer 8

Haemoglobin turns into Oxy haemoglobin

Question 9

Inspiration

Answer 9

Intake of air into the lungs which is brought on by an increase in the chest cavity

Question 10

Expiration

Answer 10

Expulsion of air from the lungs though reduce the volume of the chest cavity

Question 11

Lung volume

Answer 11

The capacity of lungs/the air they can hold. The greater the volume the more air.

Question 12

Tidal volume

Answer 12

Intake of each normal breath. The amount of air been inspired or expired in a normal breath at a normal rate

Question 13

Inspiratory reserve volume

Answer 13

The extra amount of air that can be forcibly breathed in in addition to tidal volume

Question 14

Residual volume

Answer 14

The amount of air that always remains in the lungs even after forced maximal exhalation/never changes

Question 15

Expiratory reserve volume

Answer 15

The additional amount of air that can be forcibly breathed out in addition to tile volume

Question 16

What happens to your title volume during exercise

Answer 16

When exercising your tidal volume increases and your inspiratory reserve volume become smaller as no space for lung capacity to take in.

Question 17

Diastole

Answer 17

Relaxation phase where the heart ventricles relax and the heart fills with blood. 80/lower blood pressure

Question 18

Systole

Answer 18

Contraction phase/ventricles contract. 120/higher blood pressure

Question 19

Artery definition

Answer 19

Carries blood away from the heart/oxygenated blood

Question 20

Vein definition

Answer 20

Carries blood to the heart from the body/deoxygenated

Question 21

Capillaries definition

Answer 21

Allows diffusion of gases and nutrients

Question 22

Features of an artery

Answer 22

Thick muscular small lumen wall
To a standard blood flow at a high pressure

Question 23

Features of a vein

Answer 23

Thinner large lumen wall
Contains valves to prevent the back flow of blood

Question 24

Features of a capillary

Answer 24

Very thin one cell thick lumen wall. This allows blood to pass through one cell at a time
Walls are semipermeable membrane to allow transport of gases and nutrients

Question 25

Blood shunting

Answer 25

Body automatically takes blood away from the digestive system and other organs and directs to the working muscles in need of oxygen

Question 26

How to get rid of waste products of lactic acid and CO2

Answer 26

Stretch cooling down drinking water

Question 27

Anaerobic exercise

Answer 27

Exercise without oxygen provide an action that needs to be repaid with oxygen EPOC80-90% heart rate

Question 28

Aerobic

Answer 28

Exercise which uses oxygen 60-80%

Question 29

EPOC

Answer 29

post exercise oxygen debt During strenuous exercise the body works anaerobically and produces waste products of lactic acid. Once a performer has finished exercise they still breathe heavily to repay the oxygen back to the body.

Question 30

Short-term effects of exercise

Answer 30

Heart rate increases Increase in breathing rate/tidal volume/ stroke volume Body temperature increase Increase in cardiac output

Question 31

Vasodilation

Answer 31

Enlargement of capillaries/more blood flow/relaxation of capillary walls/heat loss across epidermis

Question 32

Vasco constriction

Answer 32

Contraction of blood vessels/reducing blood flow at rest when it’s cold

Question 33

Bradycardia

Answer 33

Lowering resting heart rate due to long-term exercise

Question 34

Hyper trophy

Answer 34

Increase in muscle size is a long-term exercise

Question 35

Order of inspiration and expiration

Answer 35

Nose/mouth Trachea Bronchi Bronchioles Alveoli

Question 36

Cardiac output

Answer 36

Quantity of blood pumped by the heart in a given period of time typically measured in litres per minute

Question 37

Calculation of the cardiac output

Answer 37

Cardiac output equals heart rate times by stroke volume Q=HRxSV

Question 38

Long term affects of exercise

Answer 38

Capillarisation of the lungs and muscles Decrease in resting heart rate Muscle hyper trophy