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Basic ECG interpretation > Cardiac A&P > Flashcards

Cardiac A&P Flashcards

1
Q

What side of the heart pumps venous blood to the lungs?

A

Right side

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2
Q

What are the thin-walled low pressure chambers that receive blood and are located above the ventricles?

A

Atria

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3
Q

What seperates the left from the right atrium?

A

Inter-atrial septum

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4
Q

What event occurs at the end of atrial systole to increase the flow of blood across the mitral (bicuspid) valve?

A

Atrial kick

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5
Q

The priming force immediately before ventricular systole

A

Atrial kick

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6
Q

What side of the heart pumps arterial blood into systemic circulation?

A

Left side

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7
Q

What parts of the heart are responsible for pumping blood to the lungs (right) and systemic circulation (left)?

A

Ventricles

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8
Q

what separates the right and left ventricles?

A

Interventricular septum

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9
Q

What is the innermost layer of the heart which lines the inner chambers, valves, chordates tendineae, and papillary muscles?

A

Endocardium

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10
Q

What is the thick, middle, muscular layer of the heart which is responsible for the pumping action?

A

Myocardium

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11
Q

What is the external layer of the hear which includes blood capillaries, lymph capillaries, nerve fibers, and fat?

A

Epicardium

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12
Q

What is the double-walled fluid-filled sac that encloses the heart?

A

Pericardium

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13
Q

What are the two type of protein filaments found in cardiac muscle sarcomeres?

A

Actin and myosin

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14
Q

What is the location where cardiac muscle fibers fit together tightly which function. as electrical connections?

A

Intercalated discs

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15
Q

How many valves does the heart contain?

A

Four

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16
Q

What are the parts of the heart which ensure blood flows in one direction and prevents back flow of blood?

A

Valves

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17
Q

What valve separates the atria from the ventricles?

A

Atrioventricular (AV) valves

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18
Q

What valve lies between the right atrium and right ventricle?

A

Tricuspid

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19
Q

What valve connects the left atrium and left ventricle?

A

Mitral (bicuspid) valves

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20
Q

What part of the heart originates from papillary muscles and are attached to the AV valves to act as anchors?

A

Chordae tendineae

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21
Q

What prevents the back flow of blood from the aorta and pulmonary arteries into the ventricles during diastole?

A

Semilunar valves

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22
Q

What valve is located between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery, and opens to allow blood to be pumped to the lungs?

A

Pulmonic valve

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23
Q

What valve is located between the left ventricle and aorta

A

Aortic valve

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24
Q

What is the period in which the given heart chamber is contraction and ejecting blood?

A

Systole

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25
What is the period of relaxation in which the heart chambers are filling?
Diastole
26
During what phase do the semilunar valves open and allow blood to flow out of the ventricles? (completely opened)
Ventricular systole
27
When do the semilunar valves close and allow pressure in the outflow arteries exceed that of the ventricles? (completely closed)
Ventricular diastole
28
When the semilunar valves are closed which are open?
Atrioventricular (AV) valves
29
When the AV valves are closed which are open?
Semilunar valves
30
The blood enters the heart through which organ (s)
Inferior & superior Vena cava
31
The blood flows into the heart into which chamber of the heart?
Right Atrium
32
The blood flows from the right atrium through the tricuspid valve into what heart chamber?
Right ventricle
33
When blood flows from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery what system does it flow through?
Pulmonic Valve
34
How does blood return to the heart when coming back from the lungs?
Pulmonary vein
35
Which part of the heart is filled with blood coming from the lungs carried by the pulmonary veins?
Left atrium
36
Where does blood from after leaving the left atrium?
Left ventricle
37
blood flows from the left ventricle to the aorta through which valve?
Aortic valve
38
Where does oxygenated blood go first after being moved through the aorta?
Coronary arteries
39
How much blood flows through the atria and into the ventricles before the ventricles contract?
70%
40
What is the period between the start of one heart beat and the start of the next?
Cardiac cycle
41
What is the period in which the chambers of the heart are contracting and blood is being ejected?
Systole
42
What is the period of relaxation in which the heart chamber is allowed to fill with blood and prepare for the next cardiac cycle?
Diastole
43
What action begins the cardiac cycle?
Atrial systole
44
What action begins the cardiac cycle?
Ventricular diastole
45
What is the first heart sound produced by and is characterized by the AV valves closing and the semilunar valves opening?
Ventricular systole
46
What is the second heart sound produced by and is characterized by the semilunar valves closing and the AV valves open?
Ventricular diastole
47
What is the most important factor that determines how much blood is pumped by the heart?
Venous return
48
What is the volume of blood ejected from the heart in one minutes
Cardiac output
49
what is (Stroke volume)x(Heart rate)?
Cardiac output
50
What is the amount of blood that gets ejected from each ventricle in one heartbeat?
Stroke volume
51
What is directly affected by a change in heart rate or stroke volume?
Cardiac output
52
What would a patient being cyanotic, having cold and clammy skin, changes in bp, and dyspnea indicate?
Decreased cardiac output
53
Preload, afterload, and myocardial contractility all have an affect on which cardiac value?
Stroke volume
54
What is the force exerted by the walls of the ventricles at the end of diastole?
Preload
55
What is a direct cause of decreased preload?
Hypovolemia
56
What is venous return?
Preload
57
The further myocardial muscle is stretched the greater the force of contraction is known as what?
Frank-starling law
58
What is the pressure or resistance against which the ventricles must pump to eject blood?
Afterload
59
What heart system supplies the heart with oxygenated blood?
Coronary arteries
60
During which heart cycle do the coronary arteries fill with blood?
Ventricular diastole
61
The posterior descending and right marginal are two branches of what heart system?
Right coronary artery
62
The right atrium, right ventricle, inferior and posterior wall of the left ventricle, and posterior 1/3 of the IV septum are supplied with blood by what?
Right coronary artery
63
The SA node (50%-60%), the AV node (855-90%), the proximal portion of the bundle of His, and the posterior-inferior fascicle of the left bundle branch are conduction systems supplied with blood by what?
Right coronary artery
64
The left anterior descending (LAC) and circumflex are two branches of what?
Left coronary artery
65
What supplies the anterior lateral surface of the left ventricle and the anterior 2/3 of the inter ventricular septum with blood?
Left anterior descending branch LCA
66
The left atrium, anterolateral and posterolateral wall of the left ventricle, and the posterior wall of the left ventricle are all supplied with blood by what?
Circumflex
67
The circumflex supplies what part of the conduction system?
SA node (40-50%), AV node (10-15%)
68
The majority of the right bundle branch, Anterior-superior fascicle of the left bundle branch, and a portion of the posterior-inferior fascicle of the left bundle branch are all supplied by what?
Left anterior descending branch
69
What parts of the heart drains myocardial blood into the right atrium and runs parallel to their arterial counterparts
Coronary veins

Basic ECG interpretation (9 decks)

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