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Basic ECG interpretation > Cardiac A&P > Flashcards

Cardiac A&P Flashcards

1
Q

What side of the heart pumps venous blood to the lungs?

A

Right side

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2
Q

What are the thin-walled low pressure chambers that receive blood and are located above the ventricles?

A

Atria

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3
Q

What seperates the left from the right atrium?

A

Inter-atrial septum

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4
Q

What event occurs at the end of atrial systole to increase the flow of blood across the mitral (bicuspid) valve?

A

Atrial kick

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5
Q

The priming force immediately before ventricular systole

A

Atrial kick

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6
Q

What side of the heart pumps arterial blood into systemic circulation?

A

Left side

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7
Q

What parts of the heart are responsible for pumping blood to the lungs (right) and systemic circulation (left)?

A

Ventricles

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8
Q

what separates the right and left ventricles?

A

Interventricular septum

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9
Q

What is the innermost layer of the heart which lines the inner chambers, valves, chordates tendineae, and papillary muscles?

A

Endocardium

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10
Q

What is the thick, middle, muscular layer of the heart which is responsible for the pumping action?

A

Myocardium

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11
Q

What is the external layer of the hear which includes blood capillaries, lymph capillaries, nerve fibers, and fat?

A

Epicardium

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12
Q

What is the double-walled fluid-filled sac that encloses the heart?

A

Pericardium

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13
Q

What are the two type of protein filaments found in cardiac muscle sarcomeres?

A

Actin and myosin

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14
Q

What is the location where cardiac muscle fibers fit together tightly which function. as electrical connections?

A

Intercalated discs

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15
Q

How many valves does the heart contain?

A

Four

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16
Q

What are the parts of the heart which ensure blood flows in one direction and prevents back flow of blood?

A

Valves

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17
Q

What valve separates the atria from the ventricles?

A

Atrioventricular (AV) valves

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18
Q

What valve lies between the right atrium and right ventricle?

A

Tricuspid

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19
Q

What valve connects the left atrium and left ventricle?

A

Mitral (bicuspid) valves

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20
Q

What part of the heart originates from papillary muscles and are attached to the AV valves to act as anchors?

A

Chordae tendineae

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21
Q

What prevents the back flow of blood from the aorta and pulmonary arteries into the ventricles during diastole?

A

Semilunar valves

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22
Q

What valve is located between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery, and opens to allow blood to be pumped to the lungs?

A

Pulmonic valve

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23
Q

What valve is located between the left ventricle and aorta

A

Aortic valve

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24
Q

What is the period in which the given heart chamber is contraction and ejecting blood?

A

Systole

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25
Q

What is the period of relaxation in which the heart chambers are filling?

A

Diastole

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26
Q

During what phase do the semilunar valves open and allow blood to flow out of the ventricles? (completely opened)

A

Ventricular systole

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27
Q

When do the semilunar valves close and allow pressure in the outflow arteries exceed that of the ventricles? (completely closed)

A

Ventricular diastole

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28
Q

When the semilunar valves are closed which are open?

A

Atrioventricular (AV) valves

29
Q

When the AV valves are closed which are open?

A

Semilunar valves

30
Q

The blood enters the heart through which organ (s)

A

Inferior & superior Vena cava

31
Q

The blood flows into the heart into which chamber of the heart?

A

Right Atrium

32
Q

The blood flows from the right atrium through the tricuspid valve into what heart chamber?

A

Right ventricle

33
Q

When blood flows from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery what system does it flow through?

A

Pulmonic Valve

34
Q

How does blood return to the heart when coming back from the lungs?

A

Pulmonary vein

35
Q

Which part of the heart is filled with blood coming from the lungs carried by the pulmonary veins?

A

Left atrium

36
Q

Where does blood from after leaving the left atrium?

A

Left ventricle

37
Q

blood flows from the left ventricle to the aorta through which valve?

A

Aortic valve

38
Q

Where does oxygenated blood go first after being moved through the aorta?

A

Coronary arteries

39
Q

How much blood flows through the atria and into the ventricles before the ventricles contract?

A

70%

40
Q

What is the period between the start of one heart beat and the start of the next?

A

Cardiac cycle

41
Q

What is the period in which the chambers of the heart are contracting and blood is being ejected?

A

Systole

42
Q

What is the period of relaxation in which the heart chamber is allowed to fill with blood and prepare for the next cardiac cycle?

A

Diastole

43
Q

What action begins the cardiac cycle?

A

Atrial systole

44
Q

What action begins the cardiac cycle?

A

Ventricular diastole

45
Q

What is the first heart sound produced by and is characterized by the AV valves closing and the semilunar valves opening?

A

Ventricular systole

46
Q

What is the second heart sound produced by and is characterized by the semilunar valves closing and the AV valves open?

A

Ventricular diastole

47
Q

What is the most important factor that determines how much blood is pumped by the heart?

A

Venous return

48
Q

What is the volume of blood ejected from the heart in one minutes

A

Cardiac output

49
Q

what is (Stroke volume)x(Heart rate)?

A

Cardiac output

50
Q

What is the amount of blood that gets ejected from each ventricle in one heartbeat?

A

Stroke volume

51
Q

What is directly affected by a change in heart rate or stroke volume?

A

Cardiac output

52
Q

What would a patient being cyanotic, having cold and clammy skin, changes in bp, and dyspnea indicate?

A

Decreased cardiac output

53
Q

Preload, afterload, and myocardial contractility all have an affect on which cardiac value?

A

Stroke volume

54
Q

What is the force exerted by the walls of the ventricles at the end of diastole?

A

Preload

55
Q

What is a direct cause of decreased preload?

A

Hypovolemia

56
Q

What is venous return?

A

Preload

57
Q

The further myocardial muscle is stretched the greater the force of contraction is known as what?

A

Frank-starling law

58
Q

What is the pressure or resistance against which the ventricles must pump to eject blood?

A

Afterload

59
Q

What heart system supplies the heart with oxygenated blood?

A

Coronary arteries

60
Q

During which heart cycle do the coronary arteries fill with blood?

A

Ventricular diastole

61
Q

The posterior descending and right marginal are two branches of what heart system?

A

Right coronary artery

62
Q

The right atrium, right ventricle, inferior and posterior wall of the left ventricle, and posterior 1/3 of the IV septum are supplied with blood by what?

A

Right coronary artery

63
Q

The SA node (50%-60%), the AV node (855-90%), the proximal portion of the bundle of His, and the posterior-inferior fascicle of the left bundle branch are conduction systems supplied with blood by what?

A

Right coronary artery

64
Q

The left anterior descending (LAC) and circumflex are two branches of what?

A

Left coronary artery

65
Q

What supplies the anterior lateral surface of the left ventricle and the anterior 2/3 of the inter ventricular septum with blood?

A

Left anterior descending branch LCA

66
Q

The left atrium, anterolateral and posterolateral wall of the left ventricle, and the posterior wall of the left ventricle are all supplied with blood by what?

A

Circumflex

67
Q

The circumflex supplies what part of the conduction system?

A

SA node (40-50%), AV node (10-15%)

68
Q

The majority of the right bundle branch, Anterior-superior fascicle of the left bundle branch, and a portion of the posterior-inferior fascicle of the left bundle branch are all supplied by what?

A

Left anterior descending branch

69
Q

What parts of the heart drains myocardial blood into the right atrium and runs parallel to their arterial counterparts

A

Coronary veins

Basic ECG interpretation (9 decks)

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