Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Basic ECG interpretation > Basic Electrophysiology > Flashcards

Basic Electrophysiology Flashcards

1
Q

What type of cells contain contractile filaments and are considered mechanical components?

A

Myocardial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

`What cardiac cells are unique for being able to spontaneously generate and conduct electrical impulses?

A

Pacemaker cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the ability of pacemaker cells to spontaneously initiate electrical impulses without external stimuli?

A

Automaticity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the ability of pacemaker cells to respond to outside stimulus?

A

Excitability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the ability of pacemaker cells to receive and conduct electrical impulses?

A

Conductivity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the ability of Myocardial cells to shorten and create muscle contraction?

A

Contractility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the ability of myocardial cells which allows them to stretch during diastole?

A

Extensibility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The rapid flow of ions across a cell membrane is simply known as what?

A

Action potential

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The exchange of electrolytes in myocardial cells which result in electrical activities appear as what?

A

ECG waveforms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Major electrolytes that affect cardiac function are what?

A

Sodium, Potassium, and Calcium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

On the outside of the cell membrane the charge is typically _____

A

Positive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

On the inside of the cell membrane the charge is typically ______

A

Negative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The difference in electrical charge across a cell’s membrane is referred to as

A

Membrane potential

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the membrane potential at which the cell membrane will depolarize and generate and action potential?

A

Threshold

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The 5-phase cycle that depicts the difference in concentration of ions across a cell membrane

A

Action potential

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

the ability of a membrane channel to move ions through the channels

A

Permeability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is it called when a cell goes from it’s resting (negative) state to it’s stimulated (positive) state?

A

Depolarization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Which type of action potential occurs in the Atria, ventricles, and purkinje fibers?

A

Fast response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How would an excess of sodium affect the heart rate?

A

Increase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Which type of action potentials occur in the SA and AV nodes?

A

Slow response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What type of action potential can occur anywhere in the heart in the case of ischemia, injury, or an electrolyte imbalance?

A

Slow-response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

The resting membrane potential or resting state in which no electrical activity is occurring in the heart is also called what?

A

Polarization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

This stage of membrane potential is referred to as what?

A

Polarization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

When the cardiac muscle cell is stimulated it is said to be what?

A

Depolarized

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

The P wave on the ECG correlates to what?

A

Atrial depolarization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

The QRS complex on the ECG represents what?

A

Ventricular depolarization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is it called when the inside of the cell becomes permeable to the inward diffusion of Na+?

A

Depolarization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

When would the sodium fast channels open?

A

Depolarization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

This stage of membrane potential is referred to as what?

A

Depolarization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

An electrical event expected to result in contraction

A

Depolarization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What is it called when you view electrical activity on the monitor with no palpable pulse?

A

Pulseless electrical activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What is occurring during the outward diffusion of potassium (K+)?

A

Repolarization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

The return to resting state of the membrane potential is referred to as what?

A

Repolarization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

The ST segment on the ECG is represented by what?

A

Early ventricular repolarization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

This stage of membrane potential is referred to as what?

A

Repolarization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

The T wave on the ECG is a representation of what

A

Completion of ventricular repolarization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Ischemia and hypoxia are two happenings that enhance what pacemaker property?

A

Excitability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What is the value in mV of the membrane at resting potential?

A

-90mV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What is the value in mV of the membrane at resting potential?

A

-90mV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

How many phases are there is relation to cardiac action potential?

A

5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Phases 1-3 of the cardiac action potential are also referred to as what?

A

Electrical systole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Phase 4 of the cardiac action potential is also referred to as what?

A

Electrical diastole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Phase zero, also known as depolarization, is characterized by what?

A

Sodium moving rapidly into the cell, Potassium leaving the cell, and calcium moving slowly into the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Phase 0 of the cardiac action potential is responsible for what ECG figure?

A

QRS complex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

The rapid depolarization phase, upstroke, or spike all refer to what?

A

Phase 0

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

When the cell gets and impulse what is initiated?

A

Phase 0

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

What do calcium channel blockers do?

A

Slow the heart rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Cardiac contraction begins as what occurs?

A

depolarization

49
Q

Atrial depolarization is represented by what?

A

P wave

50
Q

What is this image depicting?

A

Phase 0, depolarization

51
Q

What is the early, brief period of limited repolarization?

A

Phase 1

52
Q

Phase 1, also known as early depolarization, is characterized by what electrolyte movements?

A

The Fast Na+ channels partially close, K+ begins transient movements through k+ channels, and results in a decrease in positive ions inside the cell

53
Q

Phase 2, or the plateau, is characterized by what electrolyte movements?

A

The flow inward movement of Ca++ and the slow outward movement of K+

54
Q

Phase 2 represents what movement on the ECG?

A

ST segment

55
Q

What does this image depict?

A

Phase 2

56
Q

What is referred to as late and rapid repolarization?

A

Phase 3

57
Q

Phase 3, rapid and late depolarization, is characterized by what electrolyte movements?

A

K+ moving quickly OUT of the cell, slow channels closing ending the influx of Ca++ and Na++, and the cell becoming more electrically negative

58
Q

The T wave on the ECG corresponds with what phase of action potential?

A

Phase 3

59
Q

Phase 3 corresponds with what ECG waveform?

A

T wave

60
Q

Phase 4 corresponds with what stage of action potential?

A

Resting membrane

61
Q

The Na+/K+ pump is used crucial for bringing the heart back to it’s polarized state during which phase?

A

Phase 4

62
Q

The extend to which a cell is able to respond to a stimulus is referred to as its’ _______

A

Refractoriness

63
Q

The onset of the QRS complex to almost the peak of the T wave can also be referred to as ________

A

Absolute refractory period

64
Q

Cardiac cells cannot be stimulated to conduct an electrical impulse, no matter the strength of the stimulus.

A

Absolute refractory period

65
Q

This corresponds with the downslope of the T wave

A

Relative refractory period

66
Q

Cardiac cells can be stimulated to depolarize if the stimulus is strong enough

A

Relative refractory period

67
Q

Corresponds with the end of the T wave.

A

Supernormal period

68
Q

A weaker than normal stimulus could cause depolarization of cardiac cells

A

Supernormal period

69
Q

The fast firing node in the conduction system is the ______

A

SA node

70
Q

This is located at the junction of the superior vena cava and the right atrium

A

SA node

71
Q

The SA node fires at a rate of

A

60-100

72
Q

Normally the primary pacemaker of the heart

A

SA node

73
Q

As the impulse leaves from the SA node it is spread from cell to cell of the

A

Atrial muscle

74
Q

From the AV node the impulse is spread to the anterior internal pathway

A

Bachmann’s bundle

75
Q

The middler internal pathway is known as

A

Wenckebach Bundle

76
Q

The posterior internodal pathway is known as

A
77
Q

What provides electrical links between the atrium and ventricle?

A

AV junction

78
Q

How does the AV junction affect the speed of the electrical impulse?

A

Decreases

79
Q

What is located in the posterior septal wall of the right atrium?

A

AV Node

80
Q

What part of the conduction system is supplied by the right coronary artery?

A

AV Node

81
Q

The upper junctional region of the AV node is called what?

A

Atrionodal

82
Q

The middle region of the AV node which is the largest and is responsible for redirecting and slowing down the impulse is termed what?

A

Nodal

83
Q

The lowermost potion of the AV node which connects directly to the Bundle of His is referred to as what?

A

Nodal-His

84
Q

After the impulse leaves the AV node it enters the

A

Bundle of His

85
Q

Normally the only electrical connection between the atria and the ventricles is the

A

Bundle of His

86
Q

What connects the AV node with the bundle branches?

A

Bundle of His

87
Q

The Bundle branch has pacemaker cells capable of firing at a rate of

A

40-60

88
Q

What is responsible for innervating the right ventricle?

A

Right bundle branch

89
Q

What is responsible for spreading the impulse to the interventricular septum and left ventricle?

A

Left bundle branch

90
Q

______ is divided into three fascicles; Anterior, posterior, and septal

A

Left bundle branch

91
Q

The elaborate wed of fibers that penetrate about 1/3 of the way into the ventricular muscle mass

A

Purkinje Fibers

92
Q

What is the intrinsic conduction rate of the purkinje fibers?

A

20-40

93
Q

The purkinje fibers relay the impulse from the bundle branches to where?

A

Ventricular myocardium

94
Q

What is an abnormal condition in which cardiac cells not associated with automaticity begin to spontaneously depolarize?

A

Enhanced automaticity

95
Q

What is the abnormal condition in which pacemaker sites increase their firing rate beyond normal rates?

A

Enhanced automaticity

96
Q

Catecholamines, atropine, digitalis, acidosis, hypoxia, myocardial Ischemia, Hypokalemia and hypocalcemia call all be causes for ______

A

Enhances automaticity

97
Q

What is the propagation of an impulse through tissue that has already been activated by the same impulse?

A

Reentry

98
Q

This occurs when the SA node slows down or fails to initiate depolarization and a lower site spontaneously produces electrical impulses to take over responsibility for pacing the heart

A

Escape beats

99
Q

The heart rate, conductivity, and contractility are all affects of

A

Autonomic nervous system

100
Q

Sympathetic nervous system is

A

Fight or flight

101
Q

Parasympathetic nervous system is

A

Rest and digest

102
Q

Stimulation of the sympathetic nerve fibers results in the release of what?

A

Norepinephrine

103
Q

What neurotransmitter would increase the force of ventricular contraction, heart rate, blood pressure, and overall cardiac output

A

Norepinephrine

104
Q

What is released when the cholinergic parasympathetic nervous system is innervated?

A

Acetylcholine (ACh)

105
Q

What is the specialized nerve tissue found in the internal carotid arteries and aortic arch that detect changes in blood pressure?

A

Baroreceptors

106
Q

What is the effect of a change in heart rate called?

A

Chronotropy

107
Q

What is the effect of a change in myocardial contractility?

A

Inotropy

108
Q

Slowing the rate of discharge through the SA node and the AV node are both effects of what?

A

Acetylcholine

109
Q

Alpha, Beta-1, Beta-2, and dopaminergic are all receptor sites of what system

A

sympathetic

110
Q

Alpha 1 receptors affect responsible for what tissue type?

A

Vascular smooth muscle

111
Q

What receptors are responsible for mediating epinephrine?

A

Alpha-2

112
Q

What receptors are more sensitive to norepinephrine?

A

Alpha

113
Q

What receptors are more sensitive to epinephrine?

A

Beta

114
Q

stimulation of which receptor site results in constriction of blood vessels?

A

Alpha

115
Q

Stimulation of which receptor site would result in increased heart rate, and contractility?

A

Beta-1

116
Q

Which receptor site stimulation would result in dilation of bronchial smooth muscle and some blood vessel dilation, and an increase in heart rate?

A

Beta-1

117
Q

Norepinephrine on which receptor site results in increase heart rate, conductivity, and contractility?

A

Beta-1

118
Q

What effect refers to a change in heart rate?

A

Chronotropy

119
Q

This effect refers to a change in myocardial contractility (how hard the heart beats)

A

Inotropic

Basic ECG interpretation (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions