Cardiac

Question 1

2/3s of the heart sits left of the _____ plane.

Answer 1

midsagittal

Question 2

What is a double – walled fibroserous sac located in the middle mediastinum that surrounds the heart.

Answer 2

Pericardium

Question 3

Pericardium is composed of 2 layers. What are they?

Answer 3

Fibrous pericardium; Serous pericardium

Question 4

Fibrous pericardium- external fibrous layer

attached to the central tendon of the diaphragm by the _____ ligament.

Answer 4

pericardiacophrenic

Question 5

Serous pericardium –_____ which lines the internal surface of the fibrous pericardium and the external surface of he heart and the great vessels

Answer 5

mesothelium

Question 6

Serous pericardium has 2 layers, what are they?

Answer 6

Parietal layer and Visceral layer

Question 7

Which layer of the Serous pericardium lines the fibrous

pericardium.

Answer 7

Parietal layer

Question 8

Visceral layer of the Serous pericardium lines the external surface of
the heart becoming the _____ of the heart. Blood vessels and nerves are found in this layer.

Answer 8

epicardium

Question 9

Between Parietal and Visceral layers of the Serous pericardium, _____ _____ is found which helps decrease friction with cardiac movement .

Answer 9

serous fluid

Question 10

This serous - filled area is called the _____ cavity.

Answer 10

pericardial

Question 11

_____ artery –a branch off the internal
thoracic artery is the main supply for the pericardium. Along with Musculophrenic, bronchial , esophageal and
coronary arteries. (Supplement)

Answer 11

Pericardiacophrenic a.

Question 12

Which nerve provides sensory innervation to Pericardium?

Answer 12

Phrenic Nerves (and Vagus)

Question 13

Which nerve provides Vasomotor innervation to Pericardium?

Answer 13

Sympathetic trunk

Question 14

_____ _____ sinus is found behind the pericardial reflection surrounding the AORTA and the PULMONARY TRUNK.

Answer 14

Transverse pericardial

Question 15

_____ _____ sinus – located behind the heart between the PULMONARY VEINS. It is bounded by the PERICARDIAL REFLECTION over the PULMONARY VEINS and the VENAE CAVAE; superiorly forms a cul - de- sac .

Answer 15

Oblique pericardial

Question 16

Sternocostal (anterior) surface of the heart- formed by the

_____ _____.

Answer 16

right ventricle

Question 17

_____ – formed mostly by the left ventricle; related to the central tendon of the diaphragm.

Answer 17

Diaphragmatic (inferior)

Question 18

_____ –formed mainly by the left ventricle; occupies the LEFT CARDIAC IMPRESSION (of the left lung).

Answer 18

Pulmonary (left)

Question 19

What is the right border of the heart? Where does it sit on the lung?

Answer 19

Right atrium; right cardiac impression

Question 20

What is the left border of the heart? Where does it sit on the lung?

Answer 20

Left ventricle; left cardiac impression

Question 21

What is the superior border of the heart? It’s only seen in what view?

Answer 21

Both atria and auricles; Anteriorly (Sternum fracture)

Question 22

What is the inferior border of the heart?

Answer 22

Right ventricle

Question 23

ANTERIOR VIEW:

pouch at top right that overlaps the aorta .

Answer 23

Right auricle

Question 24

ANTERIOR VIEW:

separates the atria and ventricles; coronary arteries sit within these sulci.

Answer 24

Coronary sulcus

Question 25

ANTERIOR VIEW: | between ventricles

Answer 25

Anterior Interventricular Sulcus (AIS)

Question 26

ANTERIOR VIEW: most visible ventricle from anterior perspective; located right of the interventricular sulcus.

Answer 26

Right ventricle

Question 27

ANTERIOR VIEW: superior part of the left border of the heart; overlaps the pulmonary trunk.

Answer 27

Left auricle

Question 28

ANTERIOR VIEW: | left of the interventricular sulcus.

Answer 28

Left ventricle

Question 29

ANTERIOR VIEW: inferolateral portion of the left ventricle; point of maximum pulsation located at the 5th intercostal space, midclavicular line.

Answer 29

Apex of the heart

Question 30

ANTERIOR VIEW: on the inferior, anterior aspect right of the apex, where the anterior & posterior interventricular sulci are continuous.

Answer 30

Incisure of the Apex

Question 31

POSTERIOR VIEW: | top left.

Answer 31

Left atrium

Question 32

POSTERIOR VIEW: left of the posterior interventricular sulcus.

Answer 32

Left ventricle

Question 33

POSTERIOR VIEW: | division between atria and ventricles.

Answer 33

Coronary sulcus

Question 34

POSTERIOR VIEW: | located in left coronary sulcus.

Answer 34

Coronary sinus

Question 35

POSTERIOR VIEW: | between ventricles.

Answer 35

Posterior interventricular sulcus

Question 36

POSTERIOR VIEW: | top right; venous structures attached here.

Answer 36

Right atrium

Question 37

POSTERIOR VIEW: | bottom right.

Answer 37

Right ventricle

Question 38

POSTERIOR VIEW: extends superiorly to the pulmonary trunk bifurcation from level of the coronary sulcus; formed mainly by the LEFT ATRIUM.

Answer 38

Base

Question 39

______ Septum - separation between atria.

Answer 39

Interatrial

Question 40

_____ septum- separation between ventricles.

Answer 40

Interventricular

Question 41

Interventricular septum has two parts what are they?

Answer 41

Membranous and muscular part

Question 42

_____ part of the Interventricular septum is found on the superior portion.

Answer 42

Membranous

Question 43

_____ part make up the majority of the septum: inferior to the membranous portion.

Answer 43

Muscular

Question 44

Atrioventricular valves are valves between _____ and _____.

Answer 44

atria and ventricles

Question 45

Right atrioventricular valve (tricuspid) has how many flaps?

Answer 45

3

Question 46

Left atrioventricular valve (mitral/ bicuspid) has how many flaps?

Answer 46

2

Question 47

_____ valve- valve located between the left ventricle (aortic vestibule) and the ascending aorta.

Answer 47

Aortic (right or aortic semilunar valve)

Question 48

_____ Valve - valve at the apex of the conus arteriosus | before the pulmonary trunk.

Answer 48

Pulmonic (left or pulmonic semilunar valve)

Question 49

_____ _____ – right border of the heart; receives blood from the SVC, IVC, coronary sinus and anterior cardiac veins.

Answer 49

Right Atrium

Question 50

``` RIGHT ATRIUM: ______ - drains head, neck and upper extremities. ______- drains rest of body. liver is last to deliver blood. ```

Answer 50

Superior Vena Cava; Inferior Vena Cava

Question 51

RIGHT ATRIUM: | Coronary sinus drains ALL veins of the heart EXEPT ONE

Answer 51

ANTERIOR CARDIAC VEIN

Question 52

RIGHT ATRIUM: | Anterior cardiac veins: Group of 3-5 veins which drain the ____ _____ wall and open directly into the _____ _____.

Answer 52

right ventricular; right atrium

Question 53

RIGHT AND LEFT ATRIUM: | _____ _____ is the remnant of the fetal foramen ovale.

Answer 53

Fossa ovalis

Question 54

RIGHT ATRIUM: _____ _____ peptide- powerful vasodilator secreted by the myocytes of the atria. It is released secondary to atrial dilation or increased intravascular fluid pressure. Causes Na+ secretion (natriuresis) and diuresis.

Answer 54

Atrial Natriuretic

Question 55

RIGHT VENTRICLE: Septomarginal Trabeculae (moderator band) - carries right branch of ______.

Answer 55

AV bundle

Question 56

LEFT AND RIGHT VENTRICLES: ______ muscles – conical projections attached to the ventricular walls.

Answer 56

Papillary Muscles

Question 57

LEFT AND RIGHT VENTRICLES: | _____ _____which are attach the cusps to the papillary muscles.

Answer 57

Chordae Tendinae

Question 58

LEFT ATRIUM: is attached to _ pulmonary veins.

Answer 58

4

Question 59

LEFT ATRIUM: ______- drain the lungs (richly oxygenated blood).

Answer 59

Pulmonary veins

Question 60

LEFT ATRIUM: _____ _____ – fetal atrium which contains pectinate muscles.

Answer 60

Left auricle

Question 61

LEFT ATRIUM: Oblique vein of the left atrium –an oblique vessel on the posterior aspect of the left atrium which empties into the left corner of the _____ _____.

Answer 61

coronary sinus

Question 62

Right and Left Coronary Arteries - attach to the base of the ______ _____ at the right and left semilunar valves.

Answer 62

ascending aorta

Question 63

_____ _____ vein - runs from the apex of the heart with the anterior interventricular artery and the circumflex branch.

Answer 63

Great cardiac

Question 64

_____ _____ vein - runs from the apex with the posterior interventricular artery to empty into the right side of the coronary sinus (near its base).

Answer 64

Middle cardiac

Question 65

_____ _____ vein- runs with the right coronary artery and right marginal artery to empty into the sinus just to the right of the middle cardiac vein.

Answer 65

Small cardiac

Question 66

_____ _____ _____vein - runs with the left marginal branch of the circumflex artery to empty into the left side of the coronary sinus.

Answer 66

Left Posterior Ventricular

Question 67

_____ vein of the left atrium- drains left auricle & part of the left atrium.

Answer 67

Oblique

Question 68

the primitive heart tube folds to the left instead of to the right in the 4th week of development causing a majority of the heart to develop to the right of the midline. Reversal of the great vessels occurs.

Answer 68

Detrocardia

Question 69

complete reversal of internal organs- usually no complications.

Answer 69

Dextrocardia with situs inversus

Question 70

accompanies severe cardiac anomalies.

Answer 70

Dextrocardia without situs inversus

Question 71

a defect in the wall of the atrium either at the fossa ovalis or due to improper incorporation of the sinus venosus.

Answer 71

Atrial Septal Defect (Incomplete fusion of foramen ovale)

Question 72

failure of the spiral septum to develop. This allows for the common fetal trunk to remain and causes a mixture of the oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.

Answer 72

Persistent Truncus Arteriosus

Question 73

Ventricular Septal defect (VSD) has a Membranous and Muscular part: _____ – most common of all anomalies; improper partitioning of the conotruncal region of the ventricle.

Answer 73

Membranous

Question 74

Ventricular Septal defect (VSD) has a Membranous and Muscular part: _____- defect in the muscular septal.

Answer 74

Muscular

Question 75

unequal division of the conotruncal region resulting in anterior displacement of the conotruncal septum.

Answer 75

Tetrology of Fallot

Question 76

Tetrology of Fallot causes: (4)

Answer 76

- Pulmonary stenosis - VSD (ventricular septal defect) - Overriding (Dextropositioning of the aorta - Right ventricular hypertrophy

Question 77

connection between the aorta and pulmonary trunk remains open.

Answer 77

Patent ductus arteriosus

Question 78

What initiates impulses - natural pacemaker of the heart.

Answer 78

Sinuatrial node (SA Node)

Question 79

SA node is influenced by: - _____ Nervous System - Speeds up - _____ Nervous System - Slows down.

Answer 79

Sympathetic; Parasympathetic

Question 80

What is Located in the interatrial septum, on the ventricular side of the coronary sinus.

Answer 80

AV Node

Question 81

What is Located in the wall of the right atrium at the superior end of the crista terminalis, where the superior vena cava and right auricle meet.

Answer 81

SA node