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Viscera Midterm > Cardiac > Flashcards

Cardiac Flashcards

1
Q

2/3s of the heart sits left of the _____ plane.

A

midsagittal

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2
Q

What is a double – walled fibroserous sac located in the middle mediastinum that surrounds the heart.

A

Pericardium

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3
Q

Pericardium is composed of 2 layers. What are they?

A

Fibrous pericardium; Serous pericardium

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4
Q

Fibrous pericardium- external fibrous layer

attached to the central tendon of the diaphragm by the _____ ligament.

A

pericardiacophrenic

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5
Q

Serous pericardium –_____ which lines the internal surface of the fibrous pericardium and the external surface of he heart and the great vessels

A

mesothelium

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6
Q

Serous pericardium has 2 layers, what are they?

A

Parietal layer and Visceral layer

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7
Q

Which layer of the Serous pericardium lines the fibrous

pericardium.

A

Parietal layer

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8
Q

Visceral layer of the Serous pericardium lines the external surface of
the heart becoming the _____ of the heart. Blood vessels and nerves are found in this layer.

A

epicardium

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9
Q

Between Parietal and Visceral layers of the Serous pericardium, _____ _____ is found which helps decrease friction with cardiac movement .

A

serous fluid

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10
Q

This serous - filled area is called the _____ cavity.

A

pericardial

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11
Q

_____ artery –a branch off the internal
thoracic artery is the main supply for the pericardium. Along with Musculophrenic, bronchial , esophageal and
coronary arteries. (Supplement)

A

Pericardiacophrenic a.

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12
Q

Which nerve provides sensory innervation to Pericardium?

A

Phrenic Nerves (and Vagus)

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13
Q

Which nerve provides Vasomotor innervation to Pericardium?

A

Sympathetic trunk

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14
Q

_____ _____ sinus is found behind the pericardial reflection surrounding the AORTA and the PULMONARY TRUNK.

A

Transverse pericardial

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15
Q

_____ _____ sinus – located behind the heart between the PULMONARY VEINS. It is bounded by the PERICARDIAL REFLECTION over the PULMONARY VEINS and the VENAE CAVAE; superiorly forms a cul - de- sac .

A

Oblique pericardial

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16
Q

Sternocostal (anterior) surface of the heart- formed by the

_____ _____.

A

right ventricle

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17
Q

_____ – formed mostly by the left ventricle; related to the central tendon of the diaphragm.

A

Diaphragmatic (inferior)

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18
Q

_____ –formed mainly by the left ventricle; occupies the LEFT CARDIAC IMPRESSION (of the left lung).

A

Pulmonary (left)

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19
Q

What is the right border of the heart? Where does it sit on the lung?

A

Right atrium; right cardiac impression

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20
Q

What is the left border of the heart? Where does it sit on the lung?

A

Left ventricle; left cardiac impression

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21
Q

What is the superior border of the heart? It’s only seen in what view?

A

Both atria and auricles; Anteriorly (Sternum fracture)

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22
Q

What is the inferior border of the heart?

A

Right ventricle

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23
Q

ANTERIOR VIEW:

pouch at top right that overlaps the aorta .

A

Right auricle

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24
Q

ANTERIOR VIEW:

separates the atria and ventricles; coronary arteries sit within these sulci.

A

Coronary sulcus

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25
Q

ANTERIOR VIEW:

between ventricles

A

Anterior Interventricular Sulcus (AIS)

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26
Q

ANTERIOR VIEW:
most visible ventricle from anterior perspective;
located right of the interventricular sulcus.

A

Right ventricle

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27
Q

ANTERIOR VIEW:
superior part of the left border of the heart; overlaps
the pulmonary trunk.

A

Left auricle

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28
Q

ANTERIOR VIEW:

left of the interventricular sulcus.

A

Left ventricle

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29
Q

ANTERIOR VIEW:
inferolateral portion of the left ventricle; point of maximum pulsation located at the 5th intercostal space, midclavicular line.

A

Apex of the heart

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30
Q

ANTERIOR VIEW:
on the inferior, anterior aspect right of the apex, where the anterior & posterior interventricular sulci are continuous.

A

Incisure of the Apex

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31
Q

POSTERIOR VIEW:

top left.

A

Left atrium

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32
Q

POSTERIOR VIEW:
left of the posterior interventricular
sulcus.

A

Left ventricle

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33
Q

POSTERIOR VIEW:

division between atria and ventricles.

A

Coronary sulcus

34
Q

POSTERIOR VIEW:

located in left coronary sulcus.

A

Coronary sinus

35
Q

POSTERIOR VIEW:

between ventricles.

A

Posterior interventricular sulcus

36
Q

POSTERIOR VIEW:

top right; venous structures attached here.

A

Right atrium

37
Q

POSTERIOR VIEW:

bottom right.

A

Right ventricle

38
Q

POSTERIOR VIEW:
extends superiorly to the pulmonary trunk bifurcation from level of the coronary sulcus; formed mainly by the LEFT ATRIUM.

A

Base

39
Q

______ Septum - separation between atria.

A

Interatrial

40
Q

_____ septum- separation between ventricles.

A

Interventricular

41
Q

Interventricular septum has two parts what are they?

A

Membranous and muscular part

42
Q

_____ part of the Interventricular septum is found on the superior portion.

A

Membranous

43
Q

_____ part make up the majority of the septum: inferior to the membranous portion.

A

Muscular

44
Q

Atrioventricular valves are valves between _____ and _____.

A

atria and ventricles

45
Q

Right atrioventricular valve (tricuspid) has how many flaps?

A

3

46
Q

Left atrioventricular valve (mitral/ bicuspid) has how many flaps?

A

2

47
Q

_____ valve- valve located between the left ventricle (aortic vestibule) and the ascending aorta.

A

Aortic (right or aortic semilunar valve)

48
Q

_____ Valve - valve at the apex of the conus arteriosus

before the pulmonary trunk.

A

Pulmonic (left or pulmonic semilunar valve)

49
Q

_____ _____ – right border of the heart;
receives blood from the SVC, IVC, coronary sinus
and anterior cardiac veins.

A

Right Atrium

50
Q 
RIGHT ATRIUM:
\_\_\_\_\_\_ - drains head, neck and upper
extremities.
\_\_\_\_\_\_- drains rest of body. liver is last
to deliver blood.
A

Superior Vena Cava; Inferior Vena Cava

51
Q

RIGHT ATRIUM:

Coronary sinus drains ALL veins of the heart EXEPT ONE

A

ANTERIOR CARDIAC VEIN

52
Q

RIGHT ATRIUM:

Anterior cardiac veins: Group of 3-5 veins which drain the ____ _____ wall and open directly into the _____ _____.

A

right ventricular; right atrium

53
Q

RIGHT AND LEFT ATRIUM:

_____ _____ is the remnant of the fetal foramen ovale.

A

Fossa ovalis

54
Q

RIGHT ATRIUM:
_____ _____ peptide- powerful vasodilator secreted by the myocytes of the atria. It is released secondary to atrial dilation or increased intravascular fluid pressure. Causes Na+ secretion (natriuresis) and diuresis.

A

Atrial Natriuretic

55
Q

RIGHT VENTRICLE:
Septomarginal Trabeculae (moderator band) - carries right
branch of ______.

A

AV bundle

56
Q

LEFT AND RIGHT VENTRICLES:
______ muscles – conical projections attached to the ventricular
walls.

A

Papillary Muscles

57
Q

LEFT AND RIGHT VENTRICLES:

_____ _____which are attach the cusps to the papillary muscles.

A

Chordae Tendinae

58
Q

LEFT ATRIUM: is attached to _ pulmonary veins.

A

4

59
Q

LEFT ATRIUM:
______- drain the lungs (richly oxygenated
blood).

A

Pulmonary veins

60
Q

LEFT ATRIUM: _____ _____ – fetal atrium which contains pectinate
muscles.

A

Left auricle

61
Q

LEFT ATRIUM: Oblique vein of the left atrium –an oblique vessel on the posterior aspect of the left atrium which empties into the left corner of the _____ _____.

A

coronary sinus

62
Q

Right and Left Coronary Arteries - attach to the base of the ______ _____ at the right and left semilunar valves.

A

ascending aorta

63
Q

_____ _____ vein - runs from the apex of the heart with the anterior interventricular artery and the circumflex branch.

A

Great cardiac

64
Q

_____ _____ vein - runs from the apex with the posterior interventricular artery to empty into the right side of the coronary sinus (near its base).

A

Middle cardiac

65
Q

_____ _____ vein- runs with the right coronary artery and right marginal artery to empty into the sinus just to the right of the middle cardiac vein.

A

Small cardiac

66
Q

_____ _____ _____vein - runs with the left marginal branch of the circumflex artery to empty into the left side of the coronary sinus.

A

Left Posterior Ventricular

67
Q

_____ vein of the left atrium- drains left auricle & part of the left atrium.

A

Oblique

68
Q

the primitive heart tube folds to the left instead of to the right in the 4th week of development causing a majority of the heart to develop to the right of the midline. Reversal of the great vessels occurs.

A

Detrocardia

69
Q

complete reversal of internal organs- usually no complications.

A

Dextrocardia with situs inversus

70
Q

accompanies severe cardiac anomalies.

A

Dextrocardia without situs inversus

71
Q

a defect in the wall of the atrium either at the fossa ovalis or due to improper incorporation of the sinus venosus.

A

Atrial Septal Defect (Incomplete fusion of foramen ovale)

72
Q

failure of the spiral septum to develop. This allows for the common fetal trunk to remain and causes a mixture of the oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.

A

Persistent Truncus Arteriosus

73
Q

Ventricular Septal defect (VSD) has a Membranous and Muscular part:
_____ – most common of all anomalies; improper partitioning of the conotruncal region of the ventricle.

A

Membranous

74
Q

Ventricular Septal defect (VSD) has a Membranous and Muscular part:
_____- defect in the muscular septal.

A

Muscular

75
Q

unequal division of the conotruncal region resulting in anterior displacement of the conotruncal septum.

A

Tetrology of Fallot

76
Q

Tetrology of Fallot causes: (4)

A
  • Pulmonary stenosis
  • VSD (ventricular septal defect)
  • Overriding (Dextropositioning of the aorta
  • Right ventricular hypertrophy
77
Q

connection between the aorta and pulmonary trunk remains open.

A

Patent ductus arteriosus

78
Q

What initiates impulses - natural pacemaker of the heart.

A

Sinuatrial node (SA Node)

79
Q

SA node is influenced by:

  • _____ Nervous System - Speeds up
  • _____ Nervous System - Slows down.
A

Sympathetic; Parasympathetic

80
Q

What is Located in the interatrial septum, on the ventricular side of the coronary sinus.

A

AV Node

81
Q

What is Located in the wall of the right atrium at the superior end of the crista terminalis, where the superior vena cava and right auricle meet.

A

SA node

Viscera Midterm (3 decks)

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