Cardiac Flashcards
Angiography
- (cath lab)
- “gold standard” for imaging
- NPO 8 hrs, out patient procedure
- bedrest 2-6 hours
- Hold Metformin 48 hrs before and after procedure
- Serious complication-bleeding in flank area c decreased BP and increase HR
- keep pressure on insertion site 24hrs
- Assess shellfish allergy (dyes) and BUN/Cr levels
Stress Test
- Physical or Pharmacological
- fast 4 hrs prior
- hold cardiac meds, NO smoking, NO caffine
Valves
Right=Tricuspid Valve= R atrium to R ventricle
Semilunar=pulmonary valve=R ventricle to pulmonary (lungs)
Left= Bicuspid/Mitral= L atrium to L ventricle
Aortic Valve= L ventricle to Aortic arch (systemic)
Heart Vessels
R Artia- receieves blood from superior/inferior vena cava
R Venti- blood to pulmonary artery c DEoxygenated blood
L Artia- receives Oxygenated blood via pulmonary veins
L Venti- pump blood to whole body.
Heart Failure
- decreased CO
- Not enough output to meet bodys metabolic needs
Compensation to Increase CO
- SNS response-increases HR,BP,SV, preload.
- Blood Vessles- constrict to increase BP,
- RAAS-kicks in in response to low flow to kidneys, trying to increase BP by retaining Na/H20
- Cells go in to anaerobic metablosim- creating lactic acid, decreases Ph causing metabolic acidoisis.
S/S Left Sided HF
CHOPS-
-Cough/Crackles= dry (early sign), productive (late),frothy pink sputum, SOB on exertion
-Hypoxia/Hemoptysis
-Orthopnea- difficulty breathing laying down
-Paroxymal nocturnal dyspnea- coughing fits at night from fluid backing up in to lungs, pulmonary congestion
S-S3 sounds ventricular gallop
Conditions leading to Left HF or CHF
- HTN
- MI
- Inflammatory heart conditions
- Hypervolemia, FVE,FVO
5.Tachycardia - increased HR, leads to hypoxia from decreased venti filling during diastole
(LHF- affects the Lungs) (RHF-affects the Rest of the body, systemic)
S/S of Right Sided HF
- weight gain, edema
- Ascites-causes dyspnea and N/V
- Hepatomegaly
4.JVD
*HEAD CHOPS=L HEAD=R
Hepatomegaly
Edema
Ascities
Distended neck veins
