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VIA > Cardiac > Flashcards

Cardiac Flashcards

1
Q

Boot shaped heart (peads)

A

Tetralogy of fallot

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2
Q

Egg shaped heart (paeds)

A

Transposition of the great arteries

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3
Q

3rd heart sound

A

LV failure, mitral regurg, L->R shunt

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4
Q

4th heart sound

A

Pulmonary stenosis, pulmonary HTN

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5
Q

New onset RBBB with R axis deviation

A

PE

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6
Q

Split, fixed S2 (paeds)

A

ASD

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7
Q

Split, widened S2 (paeds)

A

Pulmonary stenosis

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8
Q

Caput medusae

A

Portal HTN

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9
Q

Chronic fatigue and palpitations

A

Torsades de Pointes

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10
Q

“Flutter in chest” that make you “catch your breath”

A

Paroxysmal atrial tachycardia

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11
Q

Beta blocker used with heart failure

A

Atenolol

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12
Q

Endocarditis in IVDU

A

Tricuspid regurg

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13
Q

2nd heart sound

A

Diaphragm at the mid-left sternal edge

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14
Q

SA node supplied by

A

Right coronary artery (in most people)

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15
Q

Post-MI heart muscle is weakest on…

A

Day 10

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16
Q

Digoxin S/E

A

Slowing of AV conduction Disturbance in colour vision

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17
Q

Bornholm disease

A

Chest pain caused by Coxsackie B

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18
Q

Continuous murmur in acyanotic heart disease (paeds)

A

PDA

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19
Q

Symptomatic, acyanotic heart disease with loud pancystolic murmur (paeds)

A

VSD

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20
Q

Asymptomatic acyanotic heart disease (paeds)

A

ASD

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21
Q
A
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22
Q

Dihydropyridines

A

-pine

Peripheral

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23
Q

Non-dihydropyridines

A

-amil

Central

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24
Q

Sick Sinus Syndrome

A

Due to sinus node dysfunction

Pace if symptomatic

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25
1st Degree Heart Block - ECG
Impulse is conveyed slowly through the AV node Bradycardic, lengthened PR interval (\>0.20 seconds)
26
1st Degree Heart Block - Causes
AV nodal disease Enhanced vagal tone (athletes) AMI Electrolyte imbalance Drugs
27
2nd Degree Heart Block - Mobitz Type 1 ECG
Bradycardic, progressive prolongation of the PR interval followed by a dropped QRS
28
2nd Degree Heart Block - Mobitz Type 2 ECG
Progressive prolongation of the PR interval with occasional dropped QRS beats Ratio block, e.g. 2:1, 3:1, etc.
29
3rd Degree Heart Block - ECG
Ventricular rate is slower than the atrial No relationship between the P wave and QRS
30
3rd Degree Heart Block
Blockage in the conduction system Causes include AMI, congenital, progressive degradation of the conduction system and endocarditis Pacing is required
31
ACEi
-prilHTN, heart failureS/E: cough, headache, kyperkalaemiaC/I: renal artery stenosis, pregnancy
32
ARB
-sartanSame as ACEi but no cough
33
Beta-blockers
-ololAngina, post-MI, arrhythmias, clinically stable heart failureS/E: bronchoconstriction, AV block, claudication, impotence, depression, sedation, masks hypoglycaemiaC/I: uncontrolled heart failure, diabetes, asthma
34
Calcium-channel blockers
Dihydropyridines (-pine) - peripheralNon-dihydropyridines (-amil) - cardiacAngina, tachyarrhythmiasS/E: cardiac depression, bradycardia, flushing, oedema, dizziness, headache, constipation, nauseaC/I: heart failure
35
Thiazides
Mild-moderate HTN, oedema, heart failureS/E: hypokalaemia, hyperuricaemia, hypercholesterolaemia, hyperglycaemiaC/I: diabetes, gout
36
Spironolactone
Potassium sparing diureticCCF
37
Amiodarone
Arrhythmias - rhythm controlIncreases QT interval and prolongs action potentialS/E: interstitial lung disease, thyroid dysfunction, abnormal liver enzymes
38
Warfarin
Blocks factors II, VII, IX, X, protein C and protein S
39
Heparin
Binds to and activates antithrombin III, which inactivates factor Xa
40
ASCauses
CalcificationBicuspid valveRheumatic fever
41
AS Murmur
Ejection systolic radiating to the carotids
42
AS Pulse
Small volumeSlow rising
43
ASHeart sounds
Soft S2Prominent S4
44
ASApex beat
"Pressure-loaded"Non-displacedHyperdynamic
45
AS Heaves/thrills
Aortic thrill
46
ASSymptoms
DyspnoeaSyncopeAngina
47
MR Causes
Mitral valve prolapseRheumatic feverIHDLV hypertrophyIE
48
MR Murmur
Pan-systolic murmur radiating to the axilla
49
MRHeart sounds
Soft S1S3
50
MRApex beat
"Volume-loaded"Displaced, diffuse
51
AR Murmur
Early diastolic murmur
52
ARPulse
Water-hammer pulseWide pulse pressure
53
MSCauses
Rheumatic feverCongenital deformitySLE
54
MS Murmur
Mid diastolic
55
Truncus Arteriosus
Presents at birthMild cyanosisEjection systolic murmur at left sternal edgeCan cause heart failureNeed surgery
56
Transposition of the Great Vessels
Presents on day 1/2Severe cyanosisNo murmurLoud single S2CXR - egg on its sidePG infusion to maintain patency of duct, emergency cardiac catheterisation, switch procedure
57
Tricuspid atresia
Presents day 1/2 (closure of duct)Severe cyanosisEjection systolic murmur at left sternal edgeCan cause heart failureCXR - boot shaped heartPG and surgery
58
Tetralogy of Fallot
VSD, Pulmonary stenosis, RVH, overriding aortaPresents at 6-12 monthsIntermittent hypoxic spellsEjection systolic murmur at left sternal edge, radiating to the back, single heart sound, clubbingCXR - boot shaped heart, uptilted vertexGet them to squat with hypoxic spells, sodium bicarb, propanolol, surgery
59
VSD
Present at 2-3 months with failure to thrive, sweaty during feedsLoud pansystolic murmur at left sternal border. Quiet or loud P2Complicated by CCF75% resolve spontaneously
60
ASD
AsymptomaticSoft mid-systolic murmur and splitting of S2Complicated by mitral incompetence and endocarditis75% resolve spontaneously
61
AVSD
Trisomy 21
62
PDA
Occurs in premature babiesPresents at birth with increased ventilation requirementsContinuous murmur heart beneath the left clavicle NSAIDs to promote duct closure. May need coil at 1yr
63
Coarctation of the aorta
Turner's syndromeOften asymptomaticHypertension in upper limbs with hypotension in lower limbsPG and surgery
64
Kawasaki DiseaseDiagnosis
WARM CREAMWarm - temp \>38.5 for 5 daysCervical lymphadenopathyRash - polymorphousErythema and oedema ± peelingAdenopathyMucous membranes (strawberry tongue)
65
Kawasaki DiseaseManagement
Admit to hospitalIV fluidsIV IG and aspirinCRP and plateletsEchocardiogramRegular paeds review
66
Atrial Fibrillation - Causes
Electrolyte imbalanceSepsisPEHyperthyroidismCardiomyopathy
67
Atrial Fibrillation - ECG
Absent P wavesIrregularly irregular ventricular rate
68
Atrial Fibrillation - Management
Rate control - beta-blockers or digoxin in patients with CCFRhythm control (cardioversion) - amiodaroneProphylaxis against thromboembolic complications depends on CHADSVASc score
69
Atrial Flutter - Clinical Presentation
Exercise intolerancePalpitationsFatigueLightheadedness
70
Atrial Flutter - ECG
Too many P wavesSaw-tooth atrial defectionsPossible 2:1 AV block
71
Atrial Flutter - Management
Rate control - beta-blockers or digoxin in patients with CCFRhythm control (cardioversion) - amiodarone
72
Ventricular Tachycardia - Management
Amiodarone or sodium channel blockers (lignocaine)
73
Ventricular Fibrillation - ECG
Rapid, shapeless oscillations

VIA (16 decks)

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