cardiac 2

Question 1

Evaluation of heart function

Answer 1

1) echo
2) Pr/pr-volume
3) histology

Question 2

fractional shortening

Answer 2

FS= (EDD-ESD)/EDD

healthy FS=35-45%

Question 3

ejection fraction

Answer 3

EF= (EDV-ESV)/EDV

Question 4

classification of HF

Answer 4

1) just @ risk– no limitations
2) fatigue, dyspnea with normal activity (comfortable at rest)– slight exercise intolerance
3) fatigue, dyspnea with less than normal activity but comfortable at rest – more exercise intolerant
4) cardiac insufficiency at rest and increased discomfort with any activity– exercise intolerant at rest

Question 5

dP/dt (mmHg/s)

Answer 5

rate change of pressure in the left ventricle

Question 6

positive dP/dtmax

Answer 6

max rate of contraction = intropy

Question 7

negative dP/dtmin

Answer 7

max rate of relaxation = illustropy

Question 8

effects of decreases in preload and increases in after load on dP/dt max and dP/dt at LVP @40

Answer 8

dP/dt max increases because its affected by after load and preload

dP/dt@40 LVP independent of after load (aortic valve hasn’t opened at LVP 40)
- increasing preload see increase in dP/dt until LVP of 120

Question 9

contractile reserve

Answer 9

ability to increase cardiac output (graph with dopamine to increase HR response)

Question 10

exercise training and dP/dt

Answer 10

trained individual can maintain CO they have greater CR and maintain higher CO at a lower dP/dt ,ax

Question 11

langendorff

Answer 11

in vitro measure :measures pressure feeding heart (perfusion pressure) and also measures how well heart is able to produce force (control preload, after load and HR)

Question 12

effect of isoproterenol on cardiac function

Answer 12

increase contractility, LVP and perfusion pressure and increase positive and negative dP/dt