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OB/Peds Final > Cardiac > Flashcards

Cardiac Flashcards

1
Q

s/s of CHD in infants

A

dyspnea & diaphoresis when straining & feeding, fatigue, hypotonia, feeding difficulties, URIs, mottling, slow cap refill

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2
Q

s/s of CHD in children

A

activity intolerance, headache, dyspnea, clubbing, mottling, polycythemia, slow cap refill

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3
Q

order of resp de-escalation

A

vent - CPAP - Hi-Flow - NC

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4
Q

ideal output

A

1mg/kg/hour

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5
Q

purpose of digoxin

A

lower HR & increase contractility to increase CO

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6
Q

digoxin parameters

A

no for HR <70 in children, 90 in infants

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7
Q

s/s of digoxin toxicity

A

anorexia, n/v

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8
Q

purpose of aspirin

A

antiplatelet, post stent/valve placement; also used for Kawasaki’s

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9
Q

enalapril

A

ace inhibitor

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10
Q

propranolol

A

beta blocker

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11
Q

s/s of Kawasaki’s disease

A

fever >39 for 5+ days and conjunctivitis, rash, adenopathy, strawberry tongue, reddened hands & feet

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12
Q

acute phase of Kawasaki’s

A

abrupt onset of high fever, joint pain, child is irritable

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13
Q

subacute phase of Kawasaki’s

A

10 days later - high platelets, skin peels on hands & feet

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14
Q

meds for Kawasaki’s

A

IVIG, aspirin

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15
Q

aspirin for Kawasaki’s

A

high dose during acute phase & fever, continued for life if coronaries are harmed

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16
Q

mgmt of sickle cell

A

pain meds, fluids, blood, warm compresses, oxygen, check BPs, encourage vax

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17
Q

PDA treatment

A

indomethacin, cath lab/open litigation

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18
Q

PDA s/s

A

L sided HF - crackles/rales, dyspnea, FTT, diaphoresis

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19
Q

mgmt of PDA

A

furosemide, digoxin for HF, increase calories, I&Os, daily weight, low Na diet

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20
Q

PDA

A

opening between aorta & pulmonary artery - L to R shunting of blood, increased pulmonary blood flow

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21
Q

TGA

A

aorta & pulmonary artery are switched, PDA & ASD needed to live -cyanotic defect

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22
Q

TGA s/s

A

70-85% sat, R sided HF

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23
Q

TGA mgmt

A

digoxin, furosemide

24
Q

TGA tx

A

prostaglandins, arterial switch surgery

25
Q

prostaglandins side effect

A

apnea - may need ventilated

26
Q

s/s of coarc

A

upper extremities - +4 pulses
lowers - hypoTN, +1 pulses, cool
may not be walking, dizziness, headache, epistaxis

27
Q

mgmt of coarc

A

furosemide, digoxin - monitor all 4 BPs, hold if too low

28
Q

tx of coarc

A

stent, aortic dilation

29
Q

s/s of re-coarc

A

headache, dizziness, chest pain, epistaxis

30
Q

tetralogy of fallot

A

VSD, overriding aorta, pulmonic stenosis, R ventricular hypertrophy

31
Q

s/s of tet

A

cyanosis, clubbing, polycythemia, hypoxic seizure risk

32
Q

tet spell

A

periods of hypoxia while feeding or pooping –> tachypneic, blue, cool extremities

33
Q

blue tet

A

severe pulmonic stenosis - need surgery soon

34
Q

pink tet

A

mild pulmonic stenosis - can wait a little longer for surgery

35
Q

mgmt of tet spells

A

bring knees to chest - pressure increases venous return to increase pulmonary flow

36
Q

mgmt of tet

A

furosemide, digoxin, restrict allotted time for PO feeds to conserve energy, can give O2 & morphine

37
Q

tx of tet

A

BT shunt until ready for open repair, then close VSD & widen pulm artery

38
Q

aortic stenosis

A

narrowed aortic valve causing L ventricular hypertrophy –> coronary arteries may not be perfused

39
Q

s/s of AS

A

L sided HF, dyspnea, activity intolerance, may faint or arrest w/ strenuous activity

40
Q

mgmt of AS

A

furosemide, digoxin, beta blockers

41
Q

AS tx

A

dilation, stent placement

42
Q

HLHS

A

no left ventricle - PDA & ASD needed to live

43
Q

s/s of HLHS

A

sats 70-85%, cyanosis

44
Q

what should you do if a HLHS infant has +4 pedal pulses, headache, satting 63%?

A

give O2, may need to vent

45
Q

what should you do if an HLHS infant has cool, pale feet, cap refill of 5 seconds, crackles, satting 91%?

A

give antihypertensives

46
Q

HLHS tx

A

prostaglandins, artificial ASD, BT shunt, will eventually need a transplant

47
Q

HLHS mgmt

A

balance pulm & circulatory flow

48
Q

ASD

A

opening between atria, L to R shunt –> increased pulmonary flow

49
Q

ASD s/s

A

L sided HF, crackles, tachypnea, diaphoresis

50
Q

ASD mgmt

A

lasix, digoxin, rest, increase calories

51
Q

ASD tx

A

cath lab/open closure

52
Q

VSD

A

opening between ventricles, L to R shunt, can eventually go R to L

53
Q

VSD s/s

A

L&R sided HF, crackles, fatigue, edema, lethargy

54
Q

VSD tx

A

cath lab/open closure

55
Q

VSD mgmt

A

lasix, digoxin, antihypertensives

OB/Peds Final (5 decks)

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