Cardiac

Question 1

Carvedilol

Answer 1

-LOL
Slows heart beat
HTN, heart failure angina
Take at same time each day
Make sure bps high enough
SE:hypotension,ha,cold digits

Question 2

Clopidigrel

Answer 2

Moa prevents platelet aggregation
Unique less bleeding than Asa
ADR active bleeding, anemia fever
Admin other anticoags, eggggo
Labs HgB, platelets

Question 3

Aspirin

Answer 3

Moa prevents platelet aggregation

ADR salicylate toxicity (sxs tinnitus, hypervent and antidoteactivated charcoal
active bleeding, anemia fever
Admin other anticoags, eggggo
Labs HgB, platelets

Question 4

Warfarin + antidote

Answer 4

MOA: inactivates clotting factors (vitamink)
Unique: win the WAR - turtle lifelong slow effectiveness - mechanical heart values
ADR: hemorrhage And thrombocytopenia
Admin: aaaa, chant, not witth 🤰 or spinal tap
Labs: INR 2-3
Warkin: warfarin, vitamin K, INR
antidote: vitamin k

Question 5

Heparin+ antidote

Answer 5

MOA: inactivates clotting factors
Unique: Lose the battle, rabbit fast effectiveness, MI, emboli, DVT
ADR: hemorrhage And thrombocytopenia HIT
Admin: aaaa, chant, or spinal tap, No anti platelets,
Ok for 🤰
Labs: aptt (46-70) every 6 hrs. Monitor platelets
Antidote: protamine sulfate
HePTT heparin, protamine sulfate, PTT

Question 6

Low molecular weight heparin +antidote

Answer 6

MOA: inactivates clotting factors
Unique: Prevention emboli, DVT and less risk than heparin And no labs,
ADR: hemorrhage And thrombocytopenia (rare hit)
Admin: aaaa, chant, or spinal tap, No anti platelets,
Ok for 🤰
Check H&H, maintain bp
Antidote: protamine sulfate

Question 7

Rivaroxaban+ antidote

Answer 7

Moa: inhibits clotting factors (xa)
Unique: lower bleeding, single dose, no labs
Indication: during surgery, DVT, pe, stroke
Admin: caution with renal impairment, not for pregnancy, no EGGOS
Antidote: andexnet alpha

Question 8

Altapase + antidote

Answer 8

MOA: breaks down fibrin - clot buster
Indication: acute MI, PE, ischemic stroke
Unique: No new injections, can release in body any clot
ADR: hemorrhage, intercranial bleeding, fever
Admin: No hypotension, no AAAA, periphery iv- not central line, monitor for bleeding and change in LOC
Antidote: blood products, IV Amincaproic acid

Question 9

Which anticoagulant can pregnant women take?

Answer 9

Heparin, enoxoparin

Question 10

What are the three tiers of platelet counts?

Answer 10

Norm: 150,000 _ 400,000
Low:<150, 000 is iffy
Critical: <50,000 is risky

Question 11

What does Chant stand for?

Answer 11

C cirrhosis
H hepatitis
A alcohol
N saids
T Tylenol

Question 12

What does aaaa stand for?

Answer 12

A active bleed
A accident
A aneurysms - history
A av malformation

High risk with anticoagulants And antiplatlets

Question 13

What does EGGGOS stand for?

Answer 13

E vitamin E
G garlic
G ginseng
G Ginko B
O mega 3
S St. John’s wart

Educate patient to avoid while taking anticoagulants and antiplatelets

Question 14

Which labs do you monitor for heparin

Answer 14

aPTT
Hemoglobin
Hematocrit

Question 15

Which labs do you monitor for warfarin?

Answer 15

INR
aPTT

Question 16

Which labs do youmonitor for clopidigrel?

Answer 16

Platelets >150,000

Question 17

Medications that end in -PRIL (MOA, side effects)

Answer 17

“Chill -pril”
ACE inhibitors
MOA: prevent conversion of angiotensin
A avoid 🤰
A antihypertensive only
A add potassium

SE:
A angioedema (airway concern)
C cough (dry hacking)
E elevates potassium

Question 18

Medications that end with -SARTAN (MOA & side effects)

Answer 18

“relax man”
ARB inhibitors
MOA: block angiotensin
A avoid 🫃
A antihypertensive only
A adds potassium

SE: No dry cough Or angioedema

Question 19

Important patient education for ACEi and ARBi?

Answer 19

Diet: avoid food rich in potassium
Salt substitutes
Leafy green veggies
Avocados
Bananas
Citrus
Potatoes
Beans

Question 20

Important tip for administering ACEi and ARBi?

Answer 20

If it is the first time a patient is taking these…
Stay at the bed side and monitor BP