cardiac

Question 1

main goals of intra aortic balloon pump

Answer 1

decrease myocardial oxygen consumption, increase myocardial oxygen supply, increase forward flow

AFTERLOAD REDUCTION!

indications:
cardiogenic shock
acute MV insufficiency
unstable angina

Question 2

CV effects of aging

Answer 2

STIFFENING AND SLOWING

increased SVR, nnormal systolic with diastolic dysfunction, increased SNS tone and decreases PSNS. fewer but fatter myocytes(LVH)

less responsive to direct beta agonists like dobutamine

Question 3

MC reason for retrograde cardioplegic

Answer 3

AV insufficiency

Question 4

what happens in acute anemia?

Answer 4

increase in CO (increased SV from decreases viscosity); decreased AL, increased HR and contractility (increased autonomic)
more offloading of O2 (shifts right)
blood redistributes from periphery to central

Question 5

difference between epi in shockable vs non-shockable rhythms

Answer 5

nonshockable = give it ASAP
shockable = don't give it in first 2 min

Question 6

when to program PCM to asynchronous?

Answer 6

high EMI risk + dependent

Question 7

Causes of R on T

Answer 7

frequent pvcs, long qt, asynchronous

Question 8

initial tx long qt

Answer 8

non-selective b-block (prpopranalol, nadol)

Question 9

what is the single most valid test for predicting post thoractomy respiratory morbidity?

Answer 9

FEV1 (>40% is considered low risk)