Cardi

Question 1

Blood flow

Answer 1

Volume or quantity of blood that passes a given point in a given time

Question 2

Velocity

Answer 2

The linear displacement per unit of time

Question 3

Velocity equasion

Answer 3

=Q (blood flow)/A (cross sectional area

Question 4

Lowest blood velocity

Answer 4

In arterioles

Question 5

Ohm’s law

Answer 5

Blood flow= pressure gradient/resistence

Question 6

Critical closing pressure

Answer 6

The pressure gradient is zero or the pressure gradient is lower than resistence

Question 7

Resistence equasion

Answer 7

R=8length*n(viscosity,eta)/

Question 8

Resistence is influenced by

Answer 8

Viscosity
Radius of the tube
Length is constant

Question 9

Types of resistence

Answer 9

Series
Parallel

Question 10

Series resistance

Answer 10

The total resistance is equal to sum of indivdual resistances

Question 11

Paralel resistance

Answer 11

The total resistance is equal to sum of resistance reciprocals

Question 12

Distensibilty

Answer 12

Increase in volume per rise in pressure
Wata zyadbune volume ba barawrd ba volume peshutr lagal har zyadbunek la bp
Rule= volume gradient /pressure gradient*original volume

Question 13

Veins are —— more distensible than arteries

Answer 13

8

Question 14

Compliance

Answer 14

The volume or quantity of blood that can be stored in a portion of circulation for a given rise in pressure

Question 15

Compliance equasion

Answer 15

=distensibilty*volume

Question 16

Veins are ——-mor compliant than arteries

Answer 16

24

Question 17

Laplace law

Answer 17

The larger the radius the more tension is required to wishstand a given pressure

Question 18

Tension equasion

Answer 18

T=P*R

Question 19

Patterns of flow

Answer 19

Laminar
Turbulent

Question 20

Define BP
Pressure gradient

Answer 20

…
Produced by the heart and it provides the driving force for moving blood through the circulation

Question 21

Pressure is produced when blood flow

Answer 21

Opposed by resistance

Question 22

Systemic pressure

Answer 22

Declines through circulation

Question 23

Factors affecting blood pressure:

Answer 23

1.Cardiac output

2.Peripheral resistance

3.Total blood volume

Question 24

The cardiac cycle

Answer 24

The cardiac events that occur from the begining of one heart beat to the begining of the next one

Question 25

Starts with

Answer 25

Spontaneous generation of AP in the SA node

Question 26

Briefly

Answer 26

The action potential is generated in Sa node generates action potential that travels to atria depolarizing them and making them contract then action potential is transported into AV node to bundle of his bundle branches depolarizing them and making them contract and the contraction is folowed by relaxation

Question 27

Duration of one cardiac cycle

Answer 27

0.8 seconds 0.1 atrial contraction 0.7 atrial relaxation 0.3 ventricular contraction 0.5 ventricular relaxation

Question 28

Atrial systole

Answer 28

The blood normaly flows contiously from the veins into the atria And from atria %75 of blood flows from atria directly into ventricles And then atrial contraction pushes the 25% thats left

Question 29

Is always the extra 25% required

Answer 29

No normally heart continues to pump blood without this extra Needed In certain conditions such as excercise

Question 30

Atrial pressure is measured from the

Answer 30

jugular vein

Question 31

3 heart sound

Answer 31

Early ventricular filiing Ventricular systolic failure Normal in childern in adults its associated with ventricular dilation

Question 32

4 heart sound

Answer 32

Atrial contraction due to stiffened low compliant ventricle

Question 33

Heart murmurs are produced due to

Answer 33

Narrowed valve stenisis Incompetence

Question 34

They occur when the

Answer 34

Blood flow is highest

Question 35

Cardiac reverse is the difference between the rsting and maximal CO

Question 36

Preload

Answer 36

Degree of streching of the ventricles by contained blood

Question 37

After load is the

Answer 37

resistane to ventricular ejection

Question 38

Central venous pressure

Answer 38

It’s pressure in the thoracic vena cava near the right atrium

Question 39

Types of myocardium cells

Answer 39

Ciontractile and auto rythmic cells

Question 40

Properties of the cardiac muscles

Answer 40

Automaticity Rhythmicity Excitability and conductavity Contractility

Question 41

Conductive system of the heart properities

Answer 41

Automaticity excitability and conductivity

Question 42

Autorhythmicity is a myogenic property independent of

Answer 42

Cardiac innervation

Question 43

Pace maker

Answer 43

A group of cells that generate action potential found inSAnode and AV node

Question 44

The resing membrane potential stabilizes the

Answer 44

Atrial and ventricular myocytes during diastole prevent spontaneous generation of aA.p

Question 45

One effect of hypokalemia

Answer 45

aResting membrane hyper polarization