CARD 43- Metabolic Response to Ischemia and Reperfusion

Question 1

What is important to remember about Aerobic Energy Production?

Answer 1

O2 is needed

Question 2

What are the Primary Cardiac Fuel Sources?

Answer 2

Question 3

What is the requirement for Mitochondrial Energy Production?

Answer 3

Question 4

What are the Effects of Ischemia & Reperfusion on Aerobic Energy Production?

Answer 4

Question 5

Consequences of Hypoxia? (4)

• What happens to aerobic/anaerobic metabolism and fatty oxidation?
• What happens to ATP?
• What happens tot he pH and lactic acid?

Answer 5

1. Aerobic glycolysis and fatty acid oxidation slow down
2. ATP in short supply
3. Anaerobic glycolysis speeds up (if glucose available, normally comes from blood)
   
   • Cardiac cells have limited glycogen stores (compared to skeletal muscle)
4. Lactate increases and pH drops

Question 6

What are the Consequences of Reperfusion?

Answer 6

Question 7

What are the Reactive Oxygen Species?

Answer 7

• Radicals
  
  • Superoxide anion
  • Hydroxyl radical
• Unstable non-radicals
  
  • Peroxide

Remember the order of these

Question 8

Describe a ROS mediated reperfusion injury

Answer 8

Question 9

What is the relationship between Infarct Size and Time

Answer 9

Question 10

Describe Ischemic Conditioning and Reperfusion Injury.

What pathway does the blood-borne factor follow to activate the MPTP?

Answer 10

Question 11

Describe Energy Transfer via Creatine Kinase

Answer 11

Question 12

Describe the components of Creatine Kinase

Answer 12

Question 13

Describe the Plasma Levels of CK-MB and Cardiac Troponin Following MI

Answer 13