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ENT > Carcinoma of larynx and hypo pharynx > Flashcards

Carcinoma of larynx and hypo pharynx Flashcards

1
Q

Risk factor of carcinoma larynx

A

Tobacco x30, Alcohol, chemicals: dusts, paint fume, nickel and chrome
HPV inf : 16 and 18
Radiation exposure (30%)
Tobacco + alcohol -> 300x

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2
Q

Which is the most common head and neck carcinoma ?

A

Laryngeal cancer

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3
Q

Most common laryngeal cancer ?

A

SCC

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4
Q

T1 stage
T1a
T1b

A

Tumor limited to the vocal cords
T1a: 1 vocal cord
T1b: both vocal cords

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5
Q

T2 stage

A

expanding to supraglottis and/or subglottis and/or with impaired vocal cord mobility

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6
Q

T3

A

Tumor limited to the larynx with vocal cord fixation and/or invasion of paraglottic space and/or inner cortex of the thyroid cartillage

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7
Q

T4a

A

Tumor invades through cortex of the thyroid cartilage and/or invades tissues beyond the larynx

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8
Q

T4b

A

Very advanced local disease

Tumor invades prevertebral space, encases carotid artery, or invades mediastinal structures

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9
Q

Nx

A

Regional lymph nodes cannot be assessed

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10
Q

N0

A

No regional lymph node metastasis

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11
Q

N1

A

Met in a single ipsilateral lymph node, =3cm

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12
Q

N2a
N2b
N2c

A

N2a: Metastasis in a single a single ipsilateral lymph node >3 cm but <6 cm

N2b: Metastasis in multiple ipsilateral lymph nodes, none > 6cm

N2c: Metastasis in bilateral or contralateral lymph nodes none >6cm

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13
Q

N3

A

Met in a lymph node >6cm

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14
Q

Supraglottic carcinoma : most common localization ?

A

Infrahyoid portion of epiglottis

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15
Q

Treatment of subglottic carcinoma

A 
Radiation 
Cordectomy (laser excision)
Partial laryngectomy 
Total laryngectomy 
Surgery and Radiotherapy (+ CHth)
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16
Q

Cordectomy:

A

Removal of part/ whole vocal cord
Use of Kleinsasser suspension laryngoscope
Part of the affected vocal cord/full cord can me removed by CO2 laser

17
Q

Risk factors of Hypopharynx tumors

A

Tobacco (chewing, smoking)
Alcohol
Plummer-Vinson syndrome

18
Q

Symptoms of Hypopharynx tumors

A 
Sore throat that does not go away
Otalgia 
Lump in the neck 
Difficult swallowing 
Change in voice
19
Q

Features of tumors of hypopharynx:

A 
Present late 
agressive 
Metastasize to the neck nodes 
Submucosal tumor spread is common 
>95% are SCC 
6th and 7th decade (except postcricoid growth) 
Swallowing difficulties
20
Q

Which is the most common involved site in hypopharyngeal tumors ?

A

Pyriform fossa (>65%)

ENT (4 decks)

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