Carcinogenesis 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is histogenesis

A

The process of tissue development and differentiation. Refers to specific cell or tussue of origin for a tumour, defines a tumour type

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2
Q

What are the 4 general types of cell in the human body

A

Epithelial cells, connective tissue/mesenchymal cells, lymphocytes, haematopoietic cells

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3
Q

What is the malignant tumour of epithelial cells

A

Carcinoma

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4
Q

What is a malignat tumour derived from squamous cells called

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

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5
Q

What is an adenocarcinoma

A

A malignant tumour derived from glands

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6
Q

What tissues fall under the category of connective/mesenchymal tissue

A

Bone, cartilage, muscle, nerves, tendons, adipose, fibrous tissue, blood vessels

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7
Q

What is a malginant tumour from connective/mesenchymal tissue called

A

Sarcoma

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8
Q

What are the benign and malignant tumours of adipose tissue

A

Lipoma and liposarcoma

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9
Q

What are the benign and malignant tumours of blood vessels

A

haemangioma and angiosarcoma

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10
Q

What are the benign and malignant tumours of skeletal muscle

A

Rhabdromyoma and rhabdomyosarcoma

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11
Q

What are the benign and malignant tumours od smooth muscle

A

leiomyoma and leiomyosarcoma

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12
Q

What are the benign and malignant tumours of schwann cells

A

Schwannoma and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour (MPNST)

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13
Q

What are the benign and malignant tumours of fibroblasts

A

Fibroma and fibrosarcoma

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14
Q

What is the general name for a malignant tumour of lymphocytes?

Ie enlarged lymph nodes

A

Lymphoma

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15
Q

What is it called when the malignant lymphocytes are present in bone marrow or peripheral blood?

A

Leukaemia

Also the name for malignant haematopoietic cells, as well as lymphocytes

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16
Q

What does tumour grade mean

A

How closely the tumour resembles the tissue from which it arises,

How aggressive it is likely to be

17
Q

What properties in epithelial tumours are needed for invasion and metastasis

A

Motile and migratory

18
Q

How does a carcinoma in-situ change to invasive?

A

Decreases cell adhesion, reducing expression of adhesion molecules, receptors disperse allwoing tumour cell matrix adhesion

Secretion of proteolytic enzymes to digest connective tissue to access blood vessels/lymphatics

Increased cell motility

19
Q

How are intercellular junctions weakened

A

E cadherin genes chanegd by mutation

20
Q

How do tumour cells degrade the extracellular martix:

A

Produces proteolytic enzymes itself or induces stromal cells like fibroblasts to do this.