Carbs, Glycolysis, Gluconeogenisis Flashcards
1
Q
Amylopectin and Amylose
A
- Polymer of glucose
- a(1,4) glycosidic bonds
- branches formed with a(1,6) glycosidic bonds
- Called Amylose if no branches present
- Two main components of starch, which is major storage carb of plants
2
Q
Maltose
A
- glucosyl-a(1,4)-glucose
- produced by amylase cleaving amylose and amylopectin
- maltose can be cleaved by the brush border enzyme maltase
3
Q
Digestion
A
- Amylose / amylopectin are digested in solution by amylase
- Maltose cleaved and glucose released is transported by a sodium glucose transporter (SGLUT 1)
- Glucose leaves the cell at the basolateral side by facilitated diffusion (GLUT 2)
4
Q
Fates of glucose
A
- Immediate use: Glycolysis
- Storage in the liver: glycogen synthesis, fatty acid synthesis
- Depends on metabolic state of organism
5
Q
Glycolysis
A
- Primary Energy source of cells
- Central metabolic pathway
- all reactions occur in cytoplasm
- Two phases
- Produces 2 Pyruvates, 2 ATP, 2 NADH
6
Q
Glycolysis - Phase 1
A
-
7
Q
3 Means of making ATP - Substrate Level Phosphorylation
A
High energy molecule adds phosphate to ADP
8
Q
3 Means of making ATP - Oxidative Phosphorylation
A
Oxidative energy (electron movement) used in mitochondria to generate ATP
9
Q
3 Means of making ATP - Photophorphorylation
A
Light energy captured in chloroplasts of plants to make ATP
10
Q
Pyruvate Kinase
A
- Third regulated enzyme of glycolysis
- Inhibited by ATP and alanine
- Activated by F1,6BP
- Inactivated by phosphorylation
- Regulation Important for Gluconeogensis
