carbs Flashcards
monosaccharides
Glucose
Fructose
Galactose
glucose
major monosaccharides in the body
in blood stream called blood sugar
Digestion of starches and sucrose
Source of fuel for cells
fructose(fruit sugar)
disaccharide sugar in fruit, honey, high fructose corn syrup
converted into glucose in the liver.
glactose
part of lactose
Converted to glucose in the liver
Not commonly found in nature
disaccharide
-sugars formed by chemical bonding of two monosaccharides
- also known as simple sugars
-
Sucrose
SugarLactose
Maltose
(Glucose + Fructose)
(Galactose + Glucose) -milk products
(Glucose + Glucose) -FermentationAlcohol production
complex carbs
Polysaccharides
- Carbohydrates containing many glucose units, from 10 to 1000 or more
- starch and glycogem
- amylose
2 types of starch
Amylose–straight chain polymer
Amylopectin–highly branched polymer
fiber
indigestible starch
body can’t break the bonds
insoluble and soluble fiber
examples of functional fiber
probiotics
fiber added to food(Jamba Juice)
most our carbohydrates come from what
- grains
- veggies
- fruits
- dairy
- protein(LAST)
whole grains
9 in 10 people don’t meet whole-grain recommendation of three servings per day
vegetables
source of starch and fiber
high in vitamin &mineral
low in fat and calories
dairy
provides carbs in form of lactose
lactose content is diff depending on product
high fructose corn syrup
made from corn 55% fructose cornstarch mixed w acid and enzymes starch is broken down into glucose average Americans have 60lb a year
other types of sweetners
brown sugar
honey
maple sugar
turbinado sugar
saccharin(Sweet n low)
180-200x sweeter than sucrose
no risk in humans
what is amylase
and salivary amylase
breaks up starch n digest in Saliva made my pancreas .
salivary amylase works during chewing.
what does maltase sucrase and lactase digest?
m- maltose to 2 glucose
s-sucrode to glucose to fructose
l- lactose to glucose to galactose
what is lactose maldigestion/intolerance
Lactose is undigested, not absorbed and metabolized by large intestinal bacteria.
causes bloating, cramping and discomfort.
how much fiber should we consume?TEST Q
men:30grams
women25grams
fiber is good for what
colon health
it reduces risk of colon cancer
what is a diverticula
pouches on exterior wall of large intestine
what 2 conditions are produced when u lack glucose
hyperglycemia -high blood sugar
hypoglycemia-low blood sugar
glycemic index
ratio of blood glucose response to a given food
