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Medtech Subjects Reviewer > Carbs > Flashcards

Carbs Flashcards

1
Q

Non reducing sugar

A

Sucrose

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2
Q

Examples of Monosaccharides

A

Glucose, fructose, galactose

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3
Q

Monosaccharides are linked by ________ to produce more complex sugars

A

Glycosidic bonds

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4
Q

Examples of disaccharides

A

Lactose, maltose, sucrose

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5
Q

Simpliest carbohydrate

A

Glycol aldehyde

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6
Q

Only carbohydrate to be directly used for energy

A

Glucose

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7
Q

Glucose metabolism generates

A

Pyruvic acid, lactic acid and acetyl coenzyme A

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8
Q

What is glycolysis?

A

Metabolism of glucose to pyruvate and lactate for energy use

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9
Q

What is gluconeogenesis?

A

Formation of glucose-6 phosphate from noncarbohydrate compound

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10
Q

What is glycogenolysis?

A

Breakdown of glycogen to glucose for energy use

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11
Q

What is glycogenesis?

A

Conversion of glucose to glycogen for storage

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12
Q

What is lipogenesis?

A

Conversion of carbohydrates to fatty acids

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13
Q

What is lipolysis?

A

Decomposition of fat

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14
Q

Organ act as an exocrine and endocrine gland

A

Pancreas

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15
Q

What is Proinsulin?

A

Inactive form of insulin

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16
Q

Promotes glycogenolysis

A

Glucagon

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17
Q

Primary Source of Energy

A

Carbohydrates

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18
Q

Only hypoglycemic agent

A

Insulin

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19
Q

Major hyperglycemic agent

A

Glucagon

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20
Q

Fasting plasma glucagon normal value

A

25-50 pg/mL

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21
Q

Target organ of glucagon

A

Liver

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22
Q

Stimulates release of cortisol

A

ACTH

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23
Q

Delta cells of Islets of Langerhans produce?

A

Somatostatin

24
Q

FBS level of patient with DM

A

Greater than or equal to 126 mg/dL

25
Q

Potassium in DM: Increase or Decrease

A

Increase

26
Q

Decrease Bicarbonate and TCO2 in DM is due to

A

Kussmaul-Kien respiration

27
Q

Diagnostic test for Hypoglycemia

A

5 hour OGTT

28
Q

Definitive test for Hypoglycemia

A

72h Fasting

29
Q

What level of glucose will release the glucagon and other glycemic factors in circulation?

A

50-55 mg/dL

30
Q

Alimentary hypoglycemia occurs usually within ____ hours after eating

A

4 hours

31
Q

In GDM, large % of patients who develop DM within _____ years…

A

5-10 years

32
Q

Gestational DM is due to

A

Metabolic and hormonal changes

33
Q

Normal FBS value

A

70-110 mg/dL

34
Q

Fasting plasma glucose is done in morning because

A

To avoid diurnal variation

35
Q

Decrease glucose in brain

A

Neuroglycopenia

36
Q

Glucosuria occurs when plasma glucose level exceeds ______

A

180mg/dL or 9.9 mmol/L

37
Q

In severe DM, ratio of Beta-hydroxybutyrate to acetoacetate is _____

A

6:1

38
Q

Type of diabetes that has no known etiology

A

Idiopathic Type 1 DM

39
Q

Screening for GDM should be done betweek ____ of gestation

A

24-28 weeks

40
Q

Screening and diagnostic test for GDM

A

2 hour OGTT using 75g of glucose load

41
Q

Standard clinical specimen for glucose

A

Fasting venous plasma

42
Q

Whole blood glucose levels is

A

10-15% lower than plasma/serum

43
Q

In glucose determination, how does Benedict’s method differ from Folin Wu?

A

Uses citrate or tartrate as stabilizing agent

44
Q

Other name for Ferric Reduction Method

A

Hagedorn Jensen

45
Q

Other name of Condensation Method in glucose determination

A

Dubowski

46
Q

Product in Condensation method of glucose determination

A

Glycosylamine and Schiff’s base (green)

47
Q

Insulin promotes?

A

Glycolysis, glycogenesis, lipogenesis

NOTE: decrease glycogenolysis

48
Q

Most specific glucose method

A

Hexokinase

49
Q

Reference method for glucose

A

Hexokinase

50
Q

Single dose method for OGTT

A

Janney- Isaacson Method = most common

51
Q

Divided Oral Dose or Double Dose Method for OGTT

A

Exton Rose Method

52
Q

Glucose load in children

A

1.75 g/kg body weight

Note: to maximum of 75g

53
Q

HbA1c in DM

A

> 6.5%

54
Q

Normal ratio of B-hydorxybutyrate and acetoacetic acid

A

1:1

55
Q

Normal Ratio of C- peptide to insulin

A

5:1 to 15:1

Medtech Subjects Reviewer (3 decks)

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