carbs Flashcards
What is a major energy source that is highly oxidisable and high in energy?
Monosaccharides
Examples include glucose, galactose, and fructose.
How is glucose absorbed in the body?
Via sodium glucose symporter
What happens to phosphorylated glucose in cells?
It stays in cells
What is the role of glucokinase in the liver?
High Km and high Vmax for glucose; spares glucose for other tissues when blood glucose is normal
What happens when blood glucose is high in relation to glucokinase?
Liver traps lots of glucose
What is the role of hexokinase in other tissues?
Low Km and low Vmax for glucose; grabs glucose even when blood glucose is low
What can cause disaccharide deficiency?
Intestinal infection, injury to the gut wall, surgical removal of intestine
What are some symptoms of disaccharide deficiency?
Abdominal distension and cramps
What is notable about glycogen’s structure?
Many non-reducing ends, osmotically inactive
What is Von-Gierke’s disease characterized by?
G6P enzyme deficiency, high liver glycogen, low blood glucose, high blood lactate
How is Von-Gierke’s disease treated?
Via little and often carbohydrates
What characterizes McArdle’s disease?
Skeletal muscle glycogen phosphorylase deficiency, high muscle glycogen, weakness and muscle cramps
Where are glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) found?
In mucus and synovial fluid
What is mucopolysaccharidoses?
A genetic condition leading to GAG buildup in connective tissue and blood
What are the potential consequences of GAG buildup in the brain?
Dementia
What is the most severe form of mucopolysaccharidoses?
Hurler syndrome
How many steps are there in glycolysis, and how are they categorized?
7 reversible steps and 3 non-reversible steps
What is the delta G in glycolysis?
Negative
