Bioenergetics 3 - 2020 Flashcards
What is catabolic metabolism?
The break down or oxidation of nutrients that releases energy and produces intermediates useful for metabolism.
What does anabolic metabolism do?
Produces or synthesizes new components or substances, such as enzymes, fat, and hormones, consuming energy and requiring different precursors.
How is energy from catabolic metabolism used?
It is used for anabolic metabolism.
What are the precursors in metabolism?
CHO, fats, proteins + O2.
What happens during the breakdown of food?
It occurs in multiple stages, each releasing energy and electrons.
What role do electron carriers like NAD+, NADP+, and FAD play?
They transfer electrons during metabolism.
What is ATP?
Adenosine-tri-phosphate, the energy currency of the cell.
Where is energy stored in ATP?
In the phospho-anhydride bond.
How is ATP produced?
From ADP by substrate level phosphorylation or oxidative phosphorylation.
What is the standard free energy change (ΔG°’) for the hydrolysis of ATP?
~31 kJ·mol-1.
What are some metabolites with high phosphate group transfer potential?
- Phosphenolpyruvate
- 1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate
- Acetyl Phosphate
- Phosphocreatine
What is the relationship between oxidation and reduction in metabolism?
Oxidation involves the loss of electrons, while reduction involves the gain of electrons, and they are always linked.
What is the overall reaction of glucose oxidation?
C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O.
What is the Nernst equation used for?
To calculate redox potentials.
What does a positive redox potential indicate?
It is linked to a negative ΔG, meaning the reaction is spontaneous.
What is the Faraday constant?
96,494 C/mol or 96,494 J/V.
What is the electrochemical potential of NAD+ + H+ + 2e- → NADH?
-0.315 V.
What is the electrochemical potential of ½ O2 + 2H+ + 2e- → H2O?
0.815 V.
What does the electron transport chain (ETC) do?
Transfers electrons from NADH + H+ or FADH2 to oxygen through redox complexes.
How is ATP produced in the ETC?
Through the transport of electron pairs linked to the production of ATP.
What is the overall potential for the reaction ½ O2 + NADH + H+ → H2O + NAD+?
1.130 V.
What is the significance of ATP in metabolism?
It serves as an energy currency linking catabolism to anabolism.
Fill in the blank: The hydrolysis of ATP releases ______________ energy.
~31 kJ·mol-1.
True or False: Oxidation and reduction reactions occur independently in metabolism.
False.
What does the free energy of CHO, Fat, or protein degradation get stored as?
In ATP.
What is the role of NADH and FADH2 in metabolism?
They transfer electrons to a chain of redox complexes and finally to oxygen.
