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biological molecules > Carbs > Flashcards

Carbs Flashcards

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Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

Functions of carbs

A

Storage
Present in many structures
Energy for respiration

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2
Q

3 main groups of carbs

A

Monosaccharides
Disaccharide
Polysaccharides

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3
Q

Examples of monosaccharides

A

Glucose
Fructose
Galactose

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4
Q

Example of disaccharide

A

Maltose
Sucrose
Lactose

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5
Q

Example of polysaccharides

A

Starch glycogen cellulose

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6
Q

Are monosaccharides soluble in water

A

Yes they can’t be stored

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7
Q

What is a hexose monosaccharide

A

6 carbons glucose is an example of

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8
Q

difference between alpha glucose and beta glucose

A

The OH is above the plane of c1 in beta glucose and below in alpha glucose

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9
Q

How can alpha and beta glucose be described

A

As isomers because they have the same formula but different atom arrangement

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10
Q

How is a disaccharide formed

A

Water is removed by a condensation reaction between the OH at c1 of a glucose and the OH at c4 of the other glucose

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11
Q

How can The alpha 1 to 4 glycosidic bond be broken

A

Addition of water through hydrolysis reaction

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12
Q

What is a pentose monosaccharide

A

Five carbons eg ribose nuleic acid

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13
Q

How is a disaccharide made

A

2 monosaccharides joined by a glycosidic bond in a condensation reaction

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14
Q

Are polysaccharides insoluble

A

Yes large insoluble molecules

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15
Q

Are polysaccharides storage molecules or structural

A

Both storage like starch or glycogen
Or structural like cellulose

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16
Q

property to function of glucose

A

Soluble meaning moves around body easily in and out of cells

17
Q

What type of polysaccharide is starch

A

Storage polysaccharide

18
Q

What is starch made of

A

Amylose and amylopectin

19
Q

Structure of amylose

A

Coil chain and made of alpha glucose with 1 to 4 bonds

20
Q

Structure of amylopectin

A

Alpha glucose with branched chains 1 to 6 links and others are 1 to 4

21
Q

Property to function of starch

A

Coiled compact more storage with less space
Insoluble means it can store things like energy for respiration
many terminal ends for hydrolysis into glucose

22
Q

Structure of glycogen

A

Alpha glucose units
Branched chains shorter
1-4 and 1-6 bonds

23
Q

Property to function of glycogen

A

highly branched-many terminal ends for hydrolysis
insoluble-no osmotic effects
compact

24
Q

Structure of cellulose

A

Structural polysaccharide
All BETA glucose
1 to 4 bonds
Flips 180 each end to make straight chain
Insoluble
h bonds in-between layers to form macro/micro fibrils

25
Q

Property to function of cellulose

A

Flips 180 means makes a straight chain with h bonds between chains forming microfibrils and macro fibrils making it have tensile strength to keep structure
Free,y permeable to stop cell wall from bursting

26
Q

how is maltose formed

A

glucose + glucose

27
Q

how is sucrose formed

A

glucose+fructose

28
Q

how is lactose formed

A

glucose+galactose

29
Q

formula of a disaccharide

A

c 12 h 22 o 11

biological molecules (8 decks)

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