carboxylic acids Flashcards
why are carboxylic acids soluble
C=0 and O=H bonds are polar
What do carboxylic acids react with for a redox reaction
metals
What do carboxylic acids react with for a neutralisation reaction
bases and alkalis
what does carboxylic acid and metal
carboxylate salt and hydrogen
What happens when carboxylic acid reacts with metal
the H from OH is gone making the carboxylate negatively charged, metal is added with positive charge
carboxylic acid and metal oxide
water and salt
carboxylic acid and alkalis
water and salt
carboxylic acid and carbonates
Co2 and H20 and salt
why is the reaction with carboxylic acid and carbonates important
only carboxyl group that is acidic enough to react
can help distinguish between phenols and carbox as phenols cannot react with carbonates
Ester functional group
C=0-O
How do you name an ester
First, the hydrocarbon attached to the C-O bond than the other one
acyl chloride functional group
C=O-Cl
How to name an acyl chloride
Get rid of the -oic acid and replace with -oyl chloride
How are acid anhydrides formed
Removal of water from 2 carboxilyic acids to get
C=0-O-C=O
How do you name an acid anhydride
Get rid of the -acid and add anhydride
What do you need to turn an carbox into an ester
react with alcohol
conditions for the creation of ester
the alcohol warmed with carboxilyic acid and concentrated sulfuric acid
What does a carboxylic acid and alcohol produce
ester and water
What is hydrolysis
the chemical breakdown of a compound in the presence of water or aqueous solution
What does the reaction of ester and water
carbox and alcohol
Conditions for the hydrolysis of ester
ester heated under reflux with dilute aqueous acid
what do ester and OH ions make (alkaline hydrolysis)
water and carboxilate ion to make a salt
What are the other names for alkaline hydrolysis
saponification
Conditions for alkaline hydrolysis with ester
and reflux with hot aqueous hydroxide ions
how can a carboxylic acid make an acyl chloride
react with SoCl2
What does carboxylic acid and SOcl2 make
acyl chloride, SO2 and HCL both gases
what do acyl chloride and cold water make
Carboxylic acid and HCL
What do acyl chloride and alcohol make
Ester and HCL
ammonia chemical equation
NH3
what is an amide
C bonded to NH2
What does acyl chloride + ammonia make
primary amide and HCL
Why isn’t phenol and acyl chloride normally used to make an ester
slow reaction
