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MCAT Organic > Carboxylic Acids > Flashcards

Carboxylic Acids Flashcards

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MCAT flashcards
1
Q

Carboxylic acid

A

Both a carbonyl group and a hydroxyl group bound to the same carbon

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2
Q

Suffix for carboxylic acids?

A

-oic acid

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3
Q

Suffix of cyclic carboxylic acids

A

Carboxylic acid

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4
Q

Salt of carboxylic acid suffix

A

-oate

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5
Q

Smallest dicarboxylic acid?

A

Oxalic acid (2C)

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6
Q

Suffix for dicarboxylic acids

A

-dioic acid

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7
Q

Dimers

A

Typical of carboxylic acids to form a pair of molecules connected by two hydrogen bonds

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8
Q

What elevates acidity of carboxylic acids?

A

Addition of electronegative groups to delocalize charge

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9
Q

More resonance stability increases what?

A

Acidity

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10
Q

What is more acidic, a strong acid or a carboxylic acid?

A

Strong acid

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11
Q

What is more acidic, a dicarboxylic acid or monocarboxylic acid?

A

Dicarboxylic acid

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12
Q

What is more acidic, the first or second proton of a dicarboxylic acid?

A

1st proton

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13
Q

B-dicarboxylic acid

A

Dicarboxylic acid in which each carboxylic acid is positioned on a B-carbon of the other
High acidity of a-hydrogens on B-carbon but less so than hydroxyl hydrogens
Resonance stabilization

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14
Q

What oxidant is often used to oxidize aldehydes and primary alcohols?

A

Dichromate salt, chromoium trioxide, postassium permanganate

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15
Q

Nucleophilic acyl substitution

A

Leaving group in carboxylic acid and their derivatives

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16
Q

Acyl derivative

A

All molecules with carboxylic acid derivatives

17
Q

Weak bases, conjugate of strong acids make?

A

Good leaving groups

18
Q

Amide

A

If incoming nucleophile is ammonia/amine a amide can be formed in acidic or basic solution

19
Q

Lactam

A

Cyclic amide

20
Q

Ester

A

ROR

Made by reacting carboxylic acid with alochols in acidic conditions

21
Q

Esterification

A

Condensation with water as a product

22
Q

During esterification, what can increase reaction

A

Protonation of C=O bond to increase electrophilicity

23
Q

Suffix of esters

A

-oate

24
Q

Lactone

A

Cyclic ester

25
Q

Anhydride

A

Condensation of two carboxylic acids

Nucleophilic acyl substitiution

26
Q

Lithium aluminum hydride has what affect on carboxylic acid?

A

Reduction to alcohol by nucleophilc addition of hydride

27
Q

Can sodium borohydride reduce carboxlic acid?

A

No

28
Q

Decarboxylation

A

Complete loss of carboxyl group as carbon dioxide
Spontaneous of dicarboxylic acids and B-keto acids when heated
Formation of single hydrogen in its place

29
Q

Saponification

A

Long-chain carboxylic acids react with sodium or postassium hydroxide to form a salt to make soap (like fatty acid with lye)-forms micelles

30
Q

B-keto acid

A

Carbonyl functional group at the B-position from a carboxyl group

31
Q

What is also formed during amide formation?

A

Water

MCAT Organic (10 decks)

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