Carbon family

Question 1

Amphoteric properties of tin:

Answer 1

Sn(s) + 2 H3O+(aq) → Sn2+(aq) + H2(g) + 2 H2O(l)
Sn + 2 HCl → SnCl2 + H2
Sn(s) + 2 OH–(aq) + 2 H2O(l) → Sn(OH)4–(aq) + H2(g)
Sn + 2 NaOH + 2 H2O → Na2[Sn(OH)4] + H2(g)

Question 2

Production of silicon:

Answer 2

SiO2(s) + 2 C(s) → Si(s) + 2 CO(g)

Question 3

Production of ultrapure silicon:

Answer 3

SiCl4(l) + 2 H2(g) → Si(s) + 4 HCl(g)

Question 4

Production of tin:

Answer 4

SnO2(s) + C(s) → Sn(l) + CO2(g)

Question 5

Production of lead from galena:

Answer 5

2 PbS(s) + 3 O2(g) →2 PbO(s) + 2 SO2(g)
PbO(s) + C(s) → Pb(s) + CO(g)

Question 6

CO2 release from soft drinks:

Answer 6

H2CO3(aq) ⇌ CO2(g) + H2O(l)

Question 7

Dehydration of methanoic acid:

Answer 7

HCOOH(l) → CO(g) + H2O(l)

Question 8

Reaction of the carbon monoxide with hot alkali:

Answer 8

CO(g) + OH–(aq) → HCO2–(aq)
CO + NaOH → HCO2Na

Question 9

Use of the carbon monoxide in ironmaking:

Answer 9

Fe2O3(s) + 3 CO(g) →∆ 2 Fe(l) + 3 CO2(g)

Question 10

Reaction of sodium orthosilicate solution with acid:

Answer 10

4 H3O+(aq) + SiO44–(aq) + x H2O(l) → SiO2(s) x H2O(gel) + 6 H2O(l)
4 HCl + Na4SiO4 + x H2O → SiO2 x H2O + 4 NaCl + 2 H2O

Question 11

Weathering of feldspar, KAlSi3O8, by carbon dioxide and water:

Answer 11

2 KAlSi3O8(s) + 2 H2O(l) + CO2(g) → K2CO3(aq) +
Al2Si2O5(OH)4(s) + 4 SiO2(s)

Question 12

Reaction of methanide with water:

Answer 12

Al4C3(s) + 12 H2O(l) → 4 Al(OH)3(s) + 3 CH4(g)

Question 13

Production of silicon carbide (carborundum):

Answer 13

SiO2(s) + 3 C(s) → SiC(s) + 2 CO(g)

Question 14

Production of carbon tetrachloride:

Answer 14

CH4(g) + 4 Cl2(g) → CCl4(g, l when cooled) + 4 HCl(g)

Question 15

Reaction of silicon tetrachloride with water:

Answer 15

SiCl4(l) + 2 H2O(l) → SiO2(s) + 4 HCl(aq)

Question 16

Production of hydrogen cyanide:

Answer 16

2 CH4(g) + 2 NH3(g) + 3 O2(g)→ 2 HCN(g) + 6 H2O(g)

Question 17

Production of silane:

Answer 17

SiCl4 + LiAlH4 → SiH4 + LiCl + AlCl3

Question 18

Reaction of silane with water in the presence of alkali:

Answer 18

SiH4(g) + 2 H2O → SiO2(s) + 4 H2(g)

Question 19

Reaction of glass with hydrogen fluoride:

Answer 19

SiO2(s) + 6 HF(aq) → SiF62–(aq) + 2 H3O+(aq)
SiO2 + 6 HF → H2SiF6 + 2 H2O

Question 20

Reaction of silicon oxide with molten sodium carbonate:

Answer 20

SiO2(s) + Na2CO3(l)→ Na2SiO3(s) + CO2(g)

Question 21

Use of calcium silicate for carbon dioxide binding from exhaust gases of power plants:

Answer 21

2 CO2(g) + H2O(l) + CaSiO3(s) → SiO2(s) +
Ca(HCO3)2(s)

Question 22

Production of phosphorus:

Answer 22

2 Ca3(PO4)2(s) + 6 SiO2(s) + 10 C(s) →P4(g) + 6
CaSiO3(l) + 10 CO(g)