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Biology Unit 1 > Carbon Cycle > Flashcards

Carbon Cycle Flashcards

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1
Q

Why is carbon essential to life?

A

It makes up carbohydrates which are energy storage molecules.

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2
Q

What sphere are the following compounds in?
Carbon dioxide and Methane

A

Atmosphere

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3
Q

What sphere are the following compounds in?
Glucose and calcium carbonate

A

Biosphere

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4
Q

What sphere are the following compounds in?
Hydrocarbon and calcium carbonate

A

Lithosphere

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5
Q

What sphere is the following compound in?
Carbonic acid

A

Hydrosphere

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6
Q

Is carbon dioxide accessible to plants and animals?

A

No

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7
Q

Is methane accessible to plants and animals?

A

No

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8
Q

Is glucose accessible to plants and animals?

A

Yes

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9
Q

Is carbonic acid accessible to plants and animals?

A

No

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10
Q

Is calcium carbonate accessible to plants and animals?

A

Only some types of organisms.

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11
Q

Is hydrocarbon accessible to plants and animals?

A

No

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12
Q

What is the process of photosynthesis in the carbon cycle?

A

When autotrophs such as plants and algae convert carbon dioxide to glucose so that it is accessible to living things.

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13
Q

What carbon compounds are involved in photosynthesis?

A

Carbon dioxide and glucose.

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14
Q

What is the process of respiration in the carbon cycle?

A

When all living things use glucose and other carbohydrates to store energy. This energy is released during the process of respiration producing carbon dioxide.

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15
Q

What carbon compounds are involved in respiration?

A

Glucose and carbon dioxide.

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16
Q

What is the process of decomposition in the carbon cycle?

A

Fungi and bacteria break down larger molecules from dead organisms and release carbon dioxide.

17
Q

What carbon compounds are involved in decomposition?

A

Glucose and carbon dioxide.

18
Q

What is the process of combustion in the carbon cycle?

A

Burning fossil fuels or living things e.g. trees. Converts hydro carbonates into carbon dioxide gas. This happens naturally but is exacerbated by human activities.

19
Q

What carbon compounds are involved in combustion?

A

Hydrocarbon and carbon dioxide.

20
Q

What is the process of dissolving in the carbon cycle?

A

Carbon dioxide dissolves in water forming carbonic acid.

21
Q

What carbon compounds are involved in dissolving?

A

Carbon dioxide and carbonic acid.

22
Q

What is the process of sedimentation in the carbon cycle?

A

Carbon dioxide and carbonic acid are taken in by living things and converted in calcium carbonate for shells or precipitated as limestone.

23
Q

What carbon compounds are involved in sedimentation?

A

Carbon dioxide and calcium carbonate.

24
Q

What is the process of extraction in the carbon cycle?

A

Moving fossil fuels from under the ground to above the ground to later be burnt.

25
Q

What is the process of emissions in the carbon cycle?

A

The carbon dioxide from combustion of fossil fuels is released into the atmosphere.

26
Q

What is the process of fossilisation in the carbon cycle?

A

Living things die and are buried for tens of thousands of years the carbon molecules becoming compacted and concentrated.

27
Q

What is the process of feeding in the carbon cycle?

A

The movement of glucose from one living thing to another.

28
Q

Draw an annotated diagram of the carbon cycle. (5 marks)

A

Half a mark for each correct process described.
Full marks if all processes above are included and described.

29
Q

What are some of the reasons that organisms need carbon?

A
  • Carbohydrates - energy
  • Proteins - structure
  • Lipids - cell membranes
  • Nucleic acid - DNA
30
Q

What is a carbon reservoir? Give some examples.

A

A carbon reservoir is a place where carbon is found. E.g. ocean, fossil fuels, the atmosphere, rocks and living organisms.

31
Q

How does excess burning of fossil fuels impact the carbon cycle?

A

It can cause a major increase in atmospheric carbon (CO2). This can lead to an increased greenhouse effect (global warming).

32
Q

Describe the 2 main biological reactions that drive the carbon cycle? (4 marks)

A
  • Photosynthesis (CO2 + H2O = C6H12O6 + O2)
  • Autotrophs that convert carbon to store energy in bonds of organic matter.
  • Cellular respiration (C6H12O6 + O2 = CO2 + H2O).
  • Living organisms that release CO2 as a waste product as carbon organic matter is broken down for energy.
33
Q

Using the knowledge of the carbon cycle and biomass, provide 2 explanations for ways ending deforestation will reduce carbon concentration within the atmosphere. (4 marks)

A
  • Trees take up decrease atmospheric CO2 through photosynthesis.
  • Turns CO2 into biomass.
  • Forest clearing adds carbon to atmosphere.
  • Deforesting processes use fossil fuels to increase atmospheric CO2.

Biology Unit 1 (13 decks)

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