Carbon capture and unconventional hydrocarbons Flashcards
In order high to low what are the main emissions by sector
Power generation
Transport
Industry
What are advantages of fossil fuels
Still plenty of recourses
Very good for base loads and dispatchable applications
Widley available technology
Cheap energy
What is the cleanest fossil fuel
Gas
What is the main disadvantage of using natural gas
Very few plans to build new plants, most of it is imported
What is meant by unconventional gas
A commercially viable source of methane etc obtained by any means other than traditional
What is the traditional method for extracting gas
Drilling into naturally permeable rocks containing free gas phases
What rocks are conventional reservoirs of natural gas typically found in
Sandstone
What are the 3 main types of unconventional hydrocarbons
Coal Bed Methane
Underground coal gasification
Shale gas
What is coal bed methane
methane in carbon structure of coal trapped in tiny pours extracted by pumping out the water allowing gas to detach from coal and flow out
What is underground coal gasification
In situ gasification process carried out in non-mined seams using injection of oxidants
what is shale gas
Natural gas trapped within shale or other tight rock formations- needs fracking
What is moth fracking fluid made up of
Non toxic fluids 90+% water
Typically how deep are shale gas and coal bed methane targets
A few Km
What are potential risks of shale gas
Overuse of water water contamination leaks and disposal of groundwater shallow aquifer contamination by leaking of conventional oil Flow into shallow aquifers
What are the 3 types of carbon capture storage
Post combustion
Pre combustion
Oxyfuel
what sort of process is post combustion
absorption
What are the advantages and disadvantages of Post combustion CCS
Retrofit opportunity and proven at pilot scale
Require large equipment and amine disposal
What are advantages and disadvantages of pre combustion CCS
Existing chemical manufacture and hydrogen is produced new plants are expensive and harder to scale up
What are the advantages and disadvantages of oxyfuel CCS
chemistry and flue gas is recycled
expensive
Roughly how much of a penalty to overall energy output does CCS have
25-30% but with potential to get much smaller
What is the best way to transport CO2
In the dense liquid phase
but pressure need to be maintained
What is enhanced oil recovery
A method of utilizing the captured CO2 which improves amount of hydrocarbon that can be extracted from reservoirs
What role does shale play in storing co2
Shale layers will trap the CO2
What qualities make a good caprock for CCS
Low porosity and low permeability
