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Chemistry > Carbon and its Compounds > Flashcards

Carbon and its Compounds Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Carbon

A

Carbon is generally a non-metallic black solid

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2
Q

What element is carbon on the periodic table

A

Carbon is the 6th element on the periodic table

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3
Q

What is carbon’s impure form

A

Coal

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4
Q

What is carbon in its combined state

A

carbon (iv) oxide, natural gas, dolomite (Mg(Co3)), limestone(Ca(Co3)2), petroleum and wood.

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5
Q

Carbon’s electronic configuration

A

Its electronic configuration is 1s2, 2s2, 2p2

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6
Q

Carbon’s atomic mass

A

It has the atomic mass of twelve (12).

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7
Q

What is Allotropy

A

Allotropy is the existence of an element in two or more different forms in the same physical state.

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8
Q

Examples of Allotropes

A

Carbon, Tin, Sulphur and Phosphorous exist in different structural forms in their free states.

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9
Q

Allotropic forms of Carbon

A

Crystalline forms: Diamond and Graphite

Non Crystalline forms: Coal and Charcoal

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10
Q

What is a diamond

A

Diamond is the purest form of naturally occurring carbon.

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11
Q

What is Catenation

A

Catenation is the ability of carbon and sulphur to form straight long chains

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12
Q

What kind of bonding occurs in diamonds

A

Covalent bonding

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13
Q

What is the diamond atomic structure

A

Carbon atoms are arranged tetrahedrally in octahedral structure

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14
Q

Properties of diamonds

A 
It is the hardest known substance
It has a high melting point
It is very dense 
It is resistant to high temperatures
It is a non conductor of heat and electricity
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15
Q

Uses of diamonds

A

It is used as an abrasive to sharpen very hard tools
It is used in the manufacturing of glass cutters
it is used as pivot support in instruments
It has a high refractive index

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16
Q

What is graphite

A

Graphite exists as a black, slipper, hexagonal crystals

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17
Q

Graphite atomic structure

A

The carbon atoms in Graphite form flat layers and are joined together strong covalent bonds. These layers are arranged in parallel, one above the other with weak intermolecular forces operating in-between the layers.
These weak forces allow the movement of the plane parallel over each other. Graphite has a layered structure that consists of rings of six carbon atoms arranged in widely spaced horizontal sheets. Graphite thus crystallizes in the hexagonal system

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18
Q

What type of bonding occurs in Graphite

A

Covalent bonding

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19
Q

How is Graphite produced

A

It is produced industrially by heating coke to a high

temperature in an electric furnace.

20
Q

What name is given to the process of producing graphite

A

This process is called the Acheson process.

21
Q

Properties of Graphite

A
  1. Graphite is an opaque, flaky, soft crystalline solid with metallic lustre
  2. It is chemically inert and has high melting point but less dense than diamond
  3. Graphite is a good conductor of heat and electricity unlike diamond because of the presence of mobile electrons in the crystal lattice
  4. The mobile electrons exist since only three out of the four valence electrons of each carbon atom in the graphite are involved in bond formation while the fourth is delocalized and free to move within the structure
22
Q

Uses of Graphite

A
  1. Graphite is used as a lubricant in engines
  2. A mixture of Graphite and clay is used in the manufacture of Lead pencils.
  3. Graphite is used as electrodes in electrolytes as a good conductor of electricity
  4. It is used to line crucibles
  5. Graphite is used as black pigment in paints and as a neutron moderator in atomic piles.
23
Q

What is an amorphous carbon

A

Amorphous Carbon is free, reactive carbon that has no crystalline structure.

24
Q

What are true allotropes

A

True allotropes are carbon atoms that don’t consist of minute crystals of graphite bound together by impurities.

25
Q

Examples of Amorphous Carbon

A

Wood Charcoal
Animal Charcoal
Sugar Charcoal

26
Q

How is wood charcoal produced

A

Wood charcoal is prepared by burning wood in a limited supply of air.

27
Q

Uses of wood charcoal

A

It is used in gas masks for absorbing poisonous gases
It is used for the purification of noble gases and the recovery of industrial solvents
Wood charcoal is also used as domestic fuel

28
Q

How is animal charcoal produced

A

Animal charcoal is produced by heating bones in a limited supply of air.

29
Q

Animal charcoal contains a high percentage of what impurity

A

It contains high percentage of Calcium tetraoxophosphate (v), ( Ca3 (PO4)) impurity.

30
Q

Uses of animal charcoal

A

It is used in decolorizing crude sugar and petroleum jelly since since it has the property of absorbing colouring matter.

31
Q

What is the purest form of amorphous carbon

A

Sugar charcoal is the purest form of amorphous carbon.

32
Q

How is sugar charcoal produced

A

Sugar charcoal is formed when sugar is dehydrated either by burning the sugar in a limited supply of air or by the action of concentrated tetraoxosulphate(vi) acid. it is also when sugar is reacted with sulphuric acid and the water content is sucked out.

33
Q

Uses of sugar charcoal

A

It is used to prepare artificial diamonds
It is used as reducing agent in the process of extraction of metals
It is used to remove dyes from water like methylene blue

34
Q

How is Carbon Black, Lamp Black or Soot produced

A

These are produced by burning Carbonaceous materials in a limited supply of air.

35
Q

Uses of soot

A

Carbon black is used as an additive to rubber in the manufacture of rubber tyres
It is used in making printer’s ink, carbon paper, black shoe polish, typewriting ribbons etc
It is used in the hardening of plastics for hifi records

36
Q

Types of coal

A

Peat is not a true coal. It is the first stage of coal formation. Peat consists of about 50% carbon.
Lignite (brown coal) is a further stage in the process of coal formation. It consists of about 60% carbon.
Bituminous coal (soft coal) is the most plentiful of the four types of coal. It consist of about 80% carbon.
Anthracite (hard coal) is the final product of the coal making process. It consists of over 90% carbon. Anthracite is the oldest and hardest form of coal.

37
Q

What is destructive distillation

A

It is subjecting coal to very high temperatures in the absence of air which gives you its core integrates

38
Q

Products of destructive distillation

A

Volatile Substances: Coal gas, coal tar and ammoniacal liquor
Coke

39
Q

Uses of coal gas

A

It is used for generating heat

It is used in fuel industries

40
Q

Uses of coal tar

A

It is thick and used in making chemicals like dyes and disinfectants

41
Q

Uses of ammoniacal liquor

A

It is made of of ammonia and used in making ammonia compounds

42
Q

Uses of coke

A

It is 90% carbon and used in making calcium carbide and in the production of ethyne

43
Q

What are the 2 classifications of coke

A

Producer Gas: A mixture of carbon(ii)oxide, hydrogen gas and nitrogen
Water Gas: A mixture of carbon(ii)oxide and hydrogen gas. It is calorific

They are both used for fuel in heating but water gas is better

44
Q

Properties of Carbon

A

Combustion: The ability for carbon to burn
Combination Reaction: the ability to react with other elements namely:- Hydrogen, aluminium, calcium and sulphur
Carbon acts as a reducing agent::It can react with an oxidizing agent that forms carbon(iv)oxide

45
Q

Why is carbon(iv)oxide used in fire extinguishers

A

The non-flammable nature and the high density of carbon (IV) oxide makes it suitable for extinguishing fires.

Chemistry (4 decks)

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