Carbohydrates - Week 12 Flashcards
What’s the general formula for carbohydrates?
(CH2O)n
What’s the structure of a carbohydrate ending in -ose?
One R group.
Carbon in middle, double bonded O, H
What’s the carbohydrate structure ending in -ulose?
2 R groups
c in middle, double bonded O
What is an isomer?
Compounds with same formula but different structures
What’s an epimere?
Differ in configuration around the carbon
What’s an enantiomer?
Structures that mirror eachother
What is a pyranose ring made up of?
5 carbon atoms and 1 oxygen atom
What makes up a furanose ring?
4 carbon atoms and 1 oxygen atom
What are the three main monosaccharides
Glucose, fructose, galactose
What are the three main disaccharides
Sucrose = glucose + fructose
Maltose = glucose + glucose
Lactose = glucose + galactose
What bond and reaction links monosaccharides?
Glycosidic bond in a condensation reaction
What are the 5 main polysaccharides?
cellulose - plant walls - beta glycosidic binds
Starch - plants - amylose and amylopectin
Glycogen - branched , alpha 1’4and 1’6GB
Amylose - unbrsnched - alpha GB
Amylopectin - unbranched - alpha 1’4 and 1’6 GB
Where are carbohydrates digested?
Mouth - salivary amylase
Small intestine - pancreatic amylase
Upper jejunum - monosaccharides formed here
Which enzyme hydrolyses 1’6 glycosidic bonds?
Dextrinase
Where are monosaccharides absorbed and how?
Intestinal mucosal wall cells
na dependent glucose cotransporter 1 - glucose and galactose
Na independent monoS transporter - fructose
